Electrolysis: processes – compositions used therein – and methods – Electrolytic analysis or testing – Involving enzyme or micro-organism
Reexamination Certificate
2006-09-19
2006-09-19
Noguerola, Alex (Department: 1753)
Electrolysis: processes, compositions used therein, and methods
Electrolytic analysis or testing
Involving enzyme or micro-organism
C205S777500, C204S403100, C204S403090, C204S403140
Reexamination Certificate
active
07108778
ABSTRACT:
The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for increasing oxygen generation in electrochemical sensors in order to overcome the oxygen limitations. The preferred embodiments employ electrode systems with at least two electrodes in relatively close proximity to each other; wherein at least one electrode is configured to generate oxygen and at least one other electrode is configured to sense an analyte or a product of a reaction indicative of the concentration of analyte. The oxygen generated by the oxygen-generating electrode is available to the catalyst within a membrane system and/or the counter electrode, thereby enabling the electrochemical sensors of the preferred embodiments to function even during ischemic conditions.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4255500 (1981-03-01), Hooke
patent: 4324257 (1982-04-01), Albarda et al.
patent: 4374013 (1983-02-01), Enfors
patent: 4388166 (1983-06-01), Suzuki et al.
patent: 4431004 (1984-02-01), Bessman et al.
patent: 4671288 (1987-06-01), Gough
patent: 4703756 (1987-11-01), Gough et al.
patent: 4721677 (1988-01-01), Clark, Jr.
patent: 4757022 (1988-07-01), Shults et al.
patent: 4776944 (1988-10-01), Janata et al.
patent: 4781798 (1988-11-01), Gough
patent: 4890620 (1990-01-01), Gough
patent: 4994167 (1991-02-01), Shults et al.
patent: 5030333 (1991-07-01), Clark, Jr.
patent: 5140985 (1992-08-01), Schroeder et al.
patent: 5198771 (1993-03-01), Fidler et al.
patent: 5411647 (1995-05-01), Johnson et al.
patent: 5431160 (1995-07-01), Wilkins
patent: 5494562 (1996-02-01), Maley et al.
patent: 5496453 (1996-03-01), Uenoyama et al.
patent: 5571395 (1996-11-01), Park et al.
patent: 5605152 (1997-02-01), Slate et al.
patent: 5607565 (1997-03-01), Azarnia et al.
patent: 5628890 (1997-05-01), Carter et al.
patent: 5653863 (1997-08-01), Genshaw et al.
patent: 5686829 (1997-11-01), Girault
patent: 5795774 (1998-08-01), Matsumoto et al.
patent: 5914026 (1999-06-01), Blubaugh, Jr. et al.
patent: 5964993 (1999-10-01), Blubaugh et al.
patent: 5965380 (1999-10-01), Heller et al.
patent: 5985129 (1999-11-01), Gough et al.
patent: 5989409 (1999-11-01), Kurnik et al.
patent: 5999848 (1999-12-01), Gord et al.
patent: 6001067 (1999-12-01), Shults et al.
patent: 6081735 (2000-06-01), Diab et al.
patent: 6081736 (2000-06-01), Colvin et al.
patent: 6088608 (2000-07-01), Schulman et al.
patent: 6119028 (2000-09-01), Schulman et al.
patent: 6120676 (2000-09-01), Heller et al.
patent: 6122536 (2000-09-01), Sun et al.
patent: 6134461 (2000-10-01), Say et al.
patent: 6141573 (2000-10-01), Kurnik et al.
patent: 6144869 (2000-11-01), Berner et al.
patent: 6189536 (2001-02-01), Martinez et al.
patent: 6212416 (2001-04-01), Ward et al.
patent: 6274285 (2001-08-01), Gries et al.
patent: 6300002 (2001-10-01), Webb et al.
patent: 6309526 (2001-10-01), Fujiwara et al.
patent: 6325979 (2001-12-01), Hahn et al.
patent: 6329161 (2001-12-01), Heller et al.
patent: 6356776 (2002-03-01), Berner et al.
patent: 6400974 (2002-06-01), Lesho
patent: 6466810 (2002-10-01), Ward et al.
patent: 6512939 (2003-01-01), Colvin et al.
patent: 6514718 (2003-02-01), Heller et al.
patent: 6542765 (2003-04-01), Guy et al.
patent: 6546268 (2003-04-01), Ishikawa et al.
patent: 6551496 (2003-04-01), Moles et al.
patent: 6595919 (2003-07-01), Berner et al.
patent: 6615078 (2003-09-01), Burson et al.
patent: 6618934 (2003-09-01), Feldman et al.
patent: 6702857 (2004-03-01), Brauker et al.
patent: 6793802 (2004-09-01), Lee et al.
patent: 6809507 (2004-10-01), Morgan et al.
patent: 6862465 (2005-03-01), Shults et al.
patent: 6891317 (2005-05-01), Pei et al.
patent: 6892085 (2005-05-01), McIvor et al.
patent: 2003/0032874 (2003-02-01), Rhodes et al.
patent: 2003/0050546 (2003-03-01), Desai et al.
patent: 2004/0106857 (2004-06-01), Gough
patent: 2004/0219664 (2004-11-01), Heller et al.
patent: 2005/0027180 (2005-02-01), Goode et al.
patent: 2005/0027181 (2005-02-01), Goode et al.
patent: 2005/0027462 (2005-02-01), Goode et al.
patent: 2005/0027463 (2005-02-01), Goode et al.
patent: 2005/0031689 (2005-02-01), Shults et al.
patent: 2005/0033132 (2005-02-01), Shults et al.
patent: 2005/0043598 (2005-02-01), Goode et al.
patent: 2005/0051427 (2005-03-01), Brauker et al.
patent: 2005/0054909 (2005-03-01), Petisce et al.
patent: 2005/0056552 (2005-03-01), Simpson et al.
patent: 2005/0090607 (2005-04-01), Tapsak et al.
patent: 2005/0112169 (2005-05-01), Brauker et al.
patent: 2005/0192557 (2005-09-01), Brauker et al.
patent: 0396788 (1990-11-01), None
patent: 0539625 (1993-05-01), None
patent: 1153571 (2001-11-01), None
patent: 2 656 423 (1991-06-01), None
patent: 1 442 303 (1976-07-01), None
patent: 62083849 (1987-04-01), None
patent: WO 94/22367 (1994-10-01), None
patent: WO 99/58051 (1999-11-01), None
patent: WO 01/68901 (2001-09-01), None
patent: WO 01/88524 (2001-11-01), None
patent: WO 04/021877 (2004-03-01), None
Abel, P. U.; von Woedtke, T. Biosensors for in vivo glucose measurement: can we cross the experimental stage. Biosens Bioelectron 2002, 17, 1059-1070.
Baker, et al. 1993. Dynamic concentration challenges for biosensor characterization.Biosensors&Bioelectronics, 8:433-441.
Bindra, et al. 1989. Pulsed amperometric detection of glucose in biological fluids at a surface-modified gold electrode.Anal Chem, 61:2566-2570.
Bisenberger, et al. 1995. A triple-step potential waveform at enzyme multisensors with thick-film gold electrodes for detection of glucose and sucrose.Sensors and Actuators, B 28:181-189.
Bott, A. W. 1997. A comparison of cyclic voltammetry and cyclic staircase voltammetry.Current Separations, 16(1):23-26.
Bott, A. 1998. Electrochemical methods for the determination of glucose.Current Separations, 17(1):25-31.
Choleau, et al. 2002. Calibration of a subcutaneo amperometric glucose sensor. Part 1. Effect of measurement uncertainties on the determination of sensor sensitivity and background current.Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 17:641-646.
Dixon, et al. 2002. Characterization in vitro and in vivo of the oxygen dependence of an enzyme/polymer biosensor for monitoring brain glucose.Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 119:135-142.
Gilligan, B. C.; Shults, M.; Rhodes, R. K.; Jacobs, P. G.; Brauker, J. H.; Pintar, T. J.; Updike, S. J. Feasibility of continuo long-term glucose monitoring from a subcutaneous glucose sensor in humans. Diabetes Technol Ther 2004, 6, 378-386.
Hall, et al. 1998. Electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen peroxide at platinum electrodes. Part 1. An adsorption-controlled mechanism.Electrochimica Acta, 43(5-6):579-588.
Hall, et al. 1998. Electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen peroxide at platinum electrodes. Part II: Effect of potential.Electrochimica Acta, 43(14-15):2015-2024.
Hall, et al. 1999. Electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen peroxide at platinum electrodes. Part III: Effect of temperature.Electrochimica Acta, 44:2455-2462.
Hall, et al. 1999. Electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen peroxide at platinum electrodes. Part IV: Phosphate buffer dependence.Electrochimica Acta, 44:4573-4582.
Hall, et al. 2000. Electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen peroxide at platinum electrodes. Part V: Inhibition by chloride.Electrochimica Acta, 45:3573-3579.
Heller, A. Implanted electrochemical glucose sensors for the management of diabetes. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 1999, 1, 153-175.
Hitchman, M. L. 1978. “Measurement of Dissolved Oxygen.” In Elving, et al. (Eds.). Chemical Analysis, vol. 49, Chap. 3, pp. 34-49, 59-123. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Huang, C., O'Grady, W.E.; Yeager, E. Electrochemical Generation of Oxygen. 1: The Effects of Anions and Cations on Hydrogen Chemisorption and Aniodic Oxide Film Formation on Platinum Electrode. 2: The Effects of Anions and Cations on Oxygen Generation on Platinum Electrode, pp. 1-116, Aug. 1975.
Jablecki, et al. 2000. Simulations of the frequency response of implantable glucose sensors.Analytical Chemistry, 72:1853-1859.
Jaremko, et al. 1998. Advances toward the implantable artificial pancreas for treatment of diabetes.Diabetes Care, 21(3):444-450.
Jensen, et al. 1997. Fast wave forms for pulsed electrochemical detection
Carr-Brendel Victoria
Goode Paul
Simpson Peter C.
Tapsak Mark A.
DexCom, Inc.
Knobbe Martens Olson & Bear LLP
Noguerola Alex
LandOfFree
Electrochemical sensors including electrode systems with... does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Electrochemical sensors including electrode systems with..., we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Electrochemical sensors including electrode systems with... will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-3536334