Surgery – Truss – Pad
Patent
1982-02-19
1984-07-03
Cohen, Lee S.
Surgery
Truss
Pad
A61B 504
Patent
active
044573090
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a new electrocardiographic electrode device, and more particularly to a device for quick and simple application of contact electrodes to the thorax of a patient.
When performing electrocardiography the potentials generated in the heart are sensed by electrodes placed on the body surface according to various diversion systems. The potentials are recorded as wave forms of a characteristic appearance, a so-called electrocardiogram (ECG). Normally, electrodes are placed around the thorax at certain anatomically defined points of measuring and on the extremities. A usual coupling comprises six thorax electrodes and one electrode on each arm and leg. The electrodes consist of metal plates, which are applied against the skin site in question via an electrically conductive electrode paste. To fix the electrodes, it is, as far as the extremity electrodes are concerned, customary to paste them by tape or fasten them by wrist and ankle straps, respectively. As to the thorax electrodes or the so-called pre-cordial electrodes they may also be pasted fast by tape, but the currently most used thorax electrodes are designed with suction cups having a compressible rubber ball, such that they can be made to suck fast to the skin. Although these suction electrodes permit a quicker application, they have several disadvantages. Thus, the risk of incorrect mutual positioning of the electrodes remains (despite colour marking of the cables), and, further, it is difficult to fix the electrodes to elderly persons, whose skin has lost its elasticity, so that the electrodes can fall off during the measurement. Often it is also necessary to shave off a hairy tegument of the chest to make the suction cups adhere properly.
Various devices having fixed thorax electrodes have been proposed to permit a quicker and simplified recording of electrocardiograms. Thus, DE-OS 2748583 discloses a band of a non-conducting material, adapted to be fastened over the chest, the desired number of electrodes being arranged at predetermined positions on the band. The adaptation to different thorax configurations is made possible by the band being extensible. It has, however, turned out to be difficult to make a band which can be adapted to a more extensive variation of thorax configurations, and it has, besides, not involved such advantages that it has replaced the use of the above mentioned suction electrodes to any greater extent.
According to the invention an electrocardiographic device for application of precordial electrodes is suggested, which is simple to use, permits application of the electrodes in the desired positions and eliminates the risk of mutual miscoupling of the electrodes. The device according to the invention comprises an elongate holder or bow, which is at least vertically adjustable through mounting to e.g. a conventional articulated supporting arm. The holder carries a number of electrode means, which project under the same and the free end portions of which form contact-electrode surfaces. The electrode means are resiliently displaceable towards the electrode holder, and the holder and the electrode means are designed such that the contact-electrode surfaces are pressed against the desired anatomic points on the thorax, when the holder is brought towards the chest. Since the electrode means are resiliently mounted, optimum contact of the electrodes is obtained. Preferably the electrode means are rod-shaped and individually pivotably and rotatably arranged in relation to the holder and securable in an arbitrary position. Hereby the directions of the individual electrodes may be adjusted, such that a correct electrode placing may be obtained for the majority of thorax configurations. A suitable design of the electrode means is a rod or bar provided with an electrode ball, which rod is telescopically arranged in a sleeve member and spring biased against the latter. The above mentioned articulated supporting arm may be attached to the wall to the examination bed or bunk, to a stand column etc., and the
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Kneppo et al., "Integral . . . Coordinator", IEEE Trans. BioMed. Eng., BME-26, No. 1, Jan. 1979, pp. 21-28.
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