Electroactive polymers

Details Electroactive polymers Electroactive polymers

2007-08-21

2007-08-21

Dougherty, Thomas M. (Department: 2834)

Electrical generator or motor structure

Non-dynamoelectric

Piezoelectric elements and devices

C310S800000, C310S330000

Reexamination Certificate

active

11335805

ABSTRACT:
The present invention relates to transducers, their use and fabrication. The transducers convert between mechanical and electrical energy. Some transducers of the present invention include a pre-strained polymer. The pre-strain improves the conversion between electrical and mechanical energy. The present invention also relates to devices including an electroactive polymer to convert between electrical and mechanical energy. The present invention further relates to compliant electrodes that conform to the shape of a polymer included in a transducer. The present invention provides methods for fabricating electromechanical devices including one or more electroactive polymers.

REFERENCES:
patent: 3403234 (1968-09-01), Barnes, Jr.
patent: 3832580 (1974-08-01), Yamamuro et al.
patent: 4290983 (1981-09-01), Sasaki et al.
patent: 4342936 (1982-08-01), Marcus et al.
patent: 4384394 (1983-05-01), Lemonon et al.
patent: 4400634 (1983-08-01), Micheron
patent: 4401911 (1983-08-01), Ravinet et al.
patent: 4518555 (1985-05-01), Ravinet et al.
patent: 4783888 (1988-11-01), Fujii et al.
patent: 4843275 (1989-06-01), Radice
patent: 4879698 (1989-11-01), Langberg
patent: 4885783 (1989-12-01), Whitehead et al.
patent: 4969197 (1990-11-01), Takaya
patent: 5024872 (1991-06-01), Wilson et al.
patent: 5229979 (1993-07-01), Scheinbeim et al.
patent: 5240004 (1993-08-01), Walinsky et al.
patent: 5250784 (1993-10-01), Muller et al.
patent: 5254296 (1993-10-01), Perlman
patent: 5356500 (1994-10-01), Scheinbeim et al.
patent: 5369995 (1994-12-01), Scheinbeim et al.
patent: 5430565 (1995-07-01), Yamanouchi et al.
patent: 5438553 (1995-08-01), Wilson et al.
patent: 5440194 (1995-08-01), Beurrier
patent: 5495137 (1996-02-01), Park et al.
patent: 5642015 (1997-06-01), Whitehead et al.
patent: 5751090 (1998-05-01), Henderson
patent: 5835453 (1998-11-01), Wynne et al.
patent: 5902836 (1999-05-01), Bennett et al.
patent: 5915377 (1999-06-01), Coffee
patent: 5928547 (1999-07-01), Shea et al.
patent: 5977685 (1999-11-01), Kurita et al.
patent: 6048622 (2000-04-01), Hagood, IV et al.
patent: 6060811 (2000-05-01), Fox et al.
patent: 6084321 (2000-07-01), Hunter et al.
patent: 6184608 (2001-02-01), Cabuz et al.
patent: 6184609 (2001-02-01), Johansson et al.
patent: 6228533 (2001-05-01), Ohashi et al.
patent: 6248262 (2001-06-01), Kubotera et al.
patent: 6249076 (2001-06-01), Madden et al.
patent: 6291155 (2001-09-01), Raguse et al.
patent: 6376971 (2002-04-01), Kornbluh et al.
patent: 6379393 (2002-04-01), Mavroidis et al.
patent: 6379809 (2002-04-01), Simpson et al.
patent: 6433689 (2002-08-01), Hovind et al.
patent: 6495945 (2002-12-01), Yamaguchi et al.
patent: 6514237 (2003-02-01), Maseda
patent: 6543110 (2003-04-01), Pelrine et al.
patent: 6545384 (2003-04-01), Kornbluh et al.
patent: 6583533 (2003-06-01), Kornbluh et al.
patent: 6652938 (2003-11-01), Nishikawa et al.
patent: 6673533 (2004-01-01), Wohlstadter et al.
patent: 6743273 (2004-06-01), Chung et al.
patent: 6781284 (2004-08-01), Pelrine et al.
patent: 6800155 (2004-10-01), Senecal et al.
patent: 6812624 (2004-11-01), Pei et al.
patent: 6824689 (2004-11-01), Wang et al.
patent: 6847153 (2005-01-01), Balizer
patent: 6940211 (2005-09-01), Pelrine et al.
patent: 7029056 (2006-04-01), Browne et al.
patent: 7063377 (2006-06-01), Brei et al.
patent: 7109643 (2006-09-01), Hirai et al.
patent: 2002/0050454 (2002-05-01), Shahinpour et al.
patent: 2004/0263028 (2004-12-01), Pei et al.
patent: 2005/0040090 (2005-02-01), Wang et al.
patent: 2005/0085693 (2005-04-01), Belson et al.
patent: 2005/0200984 (2005-09-01), Browne et al.
patent: 2005/0230546 (2005-10-01), McKnight et al.
patent: 2005/0234139 (2005-10-01), Browne et al.
patent: 2005/0275246 (2005-12-01), Browne et al.
patent: 2006/0057377 (2006-03-01), Harrison et al.
patent: 2006/0258912 (2006-11-01), Belson et al.
patent: 4-353279 (1992-12-01), None
patent: 5-202707 (1993-08-01), None
patent: 7-240544 (1995-09-01), None
patent: 2005-762463 (1995-10-01), None
patent: 10-321482 (1998-12-01), None
patent: 2001-286162 (2001-10-01), None
patent: WO87/07218 (1987-12-01), None
patent: WO89/02658 (1989-03-01), None
patent: WO95/08905 (1995-03-01), None
patent: WO98/35529 (1998-08-01), None
patent: WO99/17929 (1999-04-01), None
patent: WO 01/06575 (2001-01-01), None
patent: WO-2006-121818 (2006-11-01), None
patent: WO-2006-123317 (2006-11-01), None
patent: WO-2007-029275 (2007-03-01), None
Seoul et al., Electrospinning of Poly(vinylidene fluoride).Dimethylformamide Solutions with Carbon Nanotubes, Department of Textile Engineering, Inha University, Mar. 31, 2003.
Puers et al, “A Capacitive Pressure Sensor with Low Impedance Output and Active Suppression of Parasitic Effects,” Sensors and Actuators, A21-A23 (1990) 108-114.
Robert Puers, “Capacitive sensors: when and how to use them,” Sensors and Actuators A, 37-38 (1993) 93-105.
Ajluni, Cheryl, “Pressure Sensors Strive to Stay on Top, New Silicon Micromachining Techniques and Designs Promise Higher Performance”,Electronic Design—Advanced Technology Series, Oct. 3, 1994, pp. 67-74.
Anderson, R. A., “Mechanical Stress in a Dielectric Solid From a Uniform Electric Field”,The American Physical Society, 1986, pp. 1302-1307.
Aramaki, S., S. Kaneko, K. Arai, Y. Takahashi, H. Adachi, and K. Yanagisawa. 1995. “Tube Type Micro Manipulator Using Shape Memory Alloy (SMA),”Proceedings of the IEEE Sixth International Symposium on Micro Machine and Human Science, Nagoya, Japan, pp. 115-120.
Ashley, S., “Smark Skis and Other Adaptive Structures”,Mechanical Engineering, Nov. 1995, pp. 77-81.
Bar-Cohen, Yoseph, JPL,WorldWide Electroactive Polymer Actuators Webhubwebpages 1-7, http:/
deaa.jpl.nasa.gov
asa-nde/lommas/eap/EAP-web.htm, downloaded Jul. 23, 2001.
Bar-Cohen, Yoseph, JPL,WorldWide ElectroActive Polymers, EAP(Artificial Muscles)Newsletter, vol. 1, No. 1, Jun. 1999.
Bar-Cohen, Yoseph, JPL,WorldWide ElectroActive Polymers, EAP(Artificial Muscles)Newsletter, vol. 1, No. 2, Dec. 1999.
Bar-Cohen, Yoseph, JPL,WorldWide ElectroActive Polymers, EAP(Artificial Muscles)Newsletter, vol. 2, No. 1, Jul. 2000.
Bar-Cohen, Yoseph, JPL,WorldWide ElectroActive Polymers, EAP(Artificial Muscles)Newsletter, vol. 2, No. 2, Dec. 2000.
Bar-Cohen, Yoseph, JPL,WorldWide ElectroActive Polymers, EAP(Artificial Muscles)Newsletter, vol. 3, No. 1, Jun. 2001.
Baughman, R., L. Shacklette, R. Elsenbaumer, E. Plichta, and C. Becht “Conducting Polymer Electromechanical Actuators,”Conjugated Polymeric Materials: Opportunities in Electronics, Optoelectronics and Molecular Electronics, eds. J.L. Bredas and R.R. Chance, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp. 559-582, 1990.
Baughman, R.H., L.W. Shacklette, and R.L. Elsenbaumer, E.J. Plichta, and C. Becht, “Micro electromechanical actuators based on conducting polymers”, inMolecular Electronics, Materials and Methods, P.I. Lazarev (ed.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 267-289 (1991).
Bharti, V., H. S. Xu, G. Shanthi, and Q. M. Zhang, “Polarization and Structural Properties of High Energy Electron Irradiated Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) Copolymer Films,” to be published in J. Appl. Phys. (2000).
Bharti, V., X.-Z. Zhao, Q. M. Zhang, T. Romotowski, F. Tito, and R. Ting, “Ultrahigh Field Induced Strain And Polarization Response In Electron Irradiated Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride-Trifluoroethylene) Copolymer,”Mat. Res. Innovat.vol. 2, 57-63 (1998).
Bharti, V., Y. Ye, T.-B. Xu and Q. M. Zhang, “Correlation Between Large Electrostrictive Strain and Relaxor Behavior with Structural Changes Induced in P(VDF-TrFE) Copolymer by electron Irradiation,” Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. vol. 541, pp. 653-659 (1999).
Bharti, V., Z.-Y. Cheng, S. Gross, T.-B. Xu, and Q. M. Zhang, “High electrostrictive strain under high mechanical stress in electron-irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymer,”Appl. Phys. lett.vol. 75, 2653-2655 (Oct. 25, 1999).
Bobbio, S., M Kellam, B. Dudl

Affiliated with

Also associated with

Rating

Electroactive polymers does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.

If you have personal experience with Electroactive polymers, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Electroactive polymers will most certainly appreciate the feedback.

Rate now

Comments { 0 }

Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-3868906