Electroactive polymer generators

Details Electroactive polymer generators Electroactive polymer generators

2008-05-06

2008-05-06

Schuberg, Darren (Department: 2834)

Electrical generator or motor structure

Piezoelectric polymers

Reexamination Certificate

active

07368862

ABSTRACT:
The present invention relates to transducers, their use and fabrication. The transducers convert between mechanical and electrical energy. Some transducers of the present invention include a pre-strained polymer. The pre-strain improves the conversion between electrical and mechanical energy. The present invention also relates to devices including an electroactive polymer to convert between electrical and mechanical energy. The present invention further relates to compliant electrodes that conform to the shape of a polymer included in a transducer. The present invention provides methods for fabricating electromechanical devices including one or more electroactive polymers.

REFERENCES:
patent: 3816774 (1974-06-01), Ohnuki et al.
patent: 3832580 (1974-08-01), Yamamuro et al.
patent: 4290983 (1981-09-01), Sasaki et al.
patent: 4342936 (1982-08-01), Marcus et al.
patent: 4384394 (1983-05-01), Lemonon et al.
patent: 4401911 (1983-08-01), Ravinet et al.
patent: 4442372 (1984-04-01), Roberts
patent: 4518555 (1985-05-01), Ravinet et al.
patent: 4733121 (1988-03-01), Hebert
patent: 4877988 (1989-10-01), McGinniss et al.
patent: 5229979 (1993-07-01), Scheinbeim et al.
patent: 5250784 (1993-10-01), Muller et al.
patent: 5356500 (1994-10-01), Scheinbeim et al.
patent: 5377258 (1994-12-01), Bro
patent: 5430565 (1995-07-01), Yamanouchi et al.
patent: 5440194 (1995-08-01), Beurrier
patent: 5642015 (1997-06-01), Whitehead et al.
patent: 5678571 (1997-10-01), Brown
patent: 5722418 (1998-03-01), Bro
patent: 5751090 (1998-05-01), Henderson
patent: 5835453 (1998-11-01), Wynne et al.
patent: 5902836 (1999-05-01), Bennett et al.
patent: 5910107 (1999-06-01), Iliff
patent: 5913310 (1999-06-01), Brown
patent: 5915377 (1999-06-01), Coffee
patent: 5977685 (1999-11-01), Kurita et al.
patent: 6048622 (2000-04-01), Hagood, IV et al.
patent: 6060811 (2000-05-01), Fox et al.
patent: 6084321 (2000-07-01), Hunter et al.
patent: 6165126 (2000-12-01), Merzenich et al.
patent: 6184608 (2001-02-01), Cabuz et al.
patent: 6184609 (2001-02-01), Johansson et al.
patent: 6249076 (2001-06-01), Madden et al.
patent: 6376971 (2002-04-01), Pelrine et al.
patent: 6543110 (2003-04-01), Pelrine et al.
patent: 6545384 (2003-04-01), Pelrine et al.
patent: 6781284 (2004-08-01), Pelrine et al.
patent: 6812624 (2004-11-01), Pei et al.
patent: 7034432 (2006-04-01), Pelrine et al.
patent: 19952062 (1999-10-01), None
patent: 59-126689 (1984-07-01), None
patent: 07-111785 (1995-04-01), None
patent: 1050955 (2000-11-01), None
patent: 4-353279 (1992-12-01), None
patent: 5-202707 (1993-08-01), None
patent: 2001-286162 (2001-10-01), None
patent: WO 87/07218 (1987-12-01), None
patent: WO 89/02658 (1989-03-01), None
patent: WO94/18433 (1994-08-01), None
patent: WO97/15876 (1997-05-01), None
patent: WO 99/17929 (1999-04-01), None
patent: WO99/23749 (1999-05-01), None
patent: WO 02/37660 (2002-05-01), None
patent: WO 02/37892 (2002-05-01), None
patent: WO 03/056274 (2003-07-01), None
patent: WO 03/056287 (2003-07-01), None
patent: WO 2004/027970 (2004-04-01), None
patent: WO 2004/053782 (2004-06-01), None
patent: WO 2004/074797 (2004-09-01), None
patent: WO 2004/093763 (2004-11-01), None
Puers et al, “A Capacitive Pressure Sensor with Low Impedance Output and Active Suppression of Parasitic Effects,” Sensors and Actuators, A21-A23 (1990) 108-114.
Robert Puers, “Capacitive sensors: when and how to use them,” Sensors and Actuators A, 37-38 (1993) 93-105.
Ajluni, Cheryl, “Pressure Sensors Strive to Stay on Top, New Silicon Micromachining Techniques and Designs Promise Higher Performance”,Electronic Design—Advanced Technology Series, Oct. 3, 1994, pp. 67-74.
Anderson, R. 1986. “Mechanical stress in a dielectric solid from a uniform electric field,”Physical Review B, 33(2), pp. 1302-1307.
Aramaki, S., S. Kaneko, K. Arai, Y. Takahashi, H. Adachi, and K. Yanagisawa. 1995. “Tube Type Micro Manipulator Using Shape Memory Alloy (SMA),”Proceedings of the IEEE Sixth International Symposium on Micro Machine and Human Science, Nagoya, Japan, pp. 115-120.
Ashley, S., “Smart Skis and Other Adaptive Structures”,Mechanical Engineering, Nov. 1995, pp. 77-81.
Baughman, R. H., L. W. Shacklette, and R. L. Elsenbaumer, E. J. Plichta, and C. Becht, “Micro electromechanical actuators based on conducting polymers,” inMolecular Electronics, Materials and Methods, P. I. Lazarev (ed.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 267-289 (1991).
Baughman, R., L. Shacklette, R. Elsenbaumer, E. Plichta, and C. Becht “Conducting Polymer Electromechanical Actuators,”Conjugated Polymeric Materials: Opportunities in Electronics, Optoelectronics and Molecular Electronics, eds. J.L. Bredas and R.R. Chance, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp. 559-582, 1990.
Bharti, V., H. S. Xu, G. Shanthi, and Q. M. Zhang, “Polarization and Structural Properties of High Energy Irradiated Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) Copolymer Films,” to be published in J. Appl. Phys. (2000).
Bharti, V., X.-Z. Zhao, Q. M. Zhang, T. Romotowski, F. Tito, and R. Ting, “Ultrahigh Field Induced Strain And Polarization Response In Electron Irradiated Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride-Trifluoroethylene) Copolymer,”Mat. Res. Innovat. vol. 2, 57-63 (1998).
Bharti, V., Y. Ye, T.-B. Xu and Q. M. Zhang, “Correlation Between Large Electrostrictive Strain and Relaxor Behavior with Structural Changes Induced in P(VDF-TrFE) Copolymer by electron Irradiation,” Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. vol. 541, pp. 653-659 (1999).
Bharti, V., Z.-Y. Cheng, S. Gross, T.-B. Xu, and Q. M. Zhang, “High electrostrictive strain under high mechanical stress in electron-irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymer,”Appl. Phys. Lett. vol. 75, 2653-2655 (Oct. 25, 1999).
Bobbio, S., M Kellam, B. Dudley, S. Goodwin Johansson, S. Jones, J. Jacobson, F. Tranjan, and T. DuBois, “Integrated Force Arrays,” in Proc. IEEE Micro ElectroMechanical Systems Workshop, Fort Lauderdale, Florida Feb. 1993.
Bohon, K., and S. Krause, “An Electrorheological Fluid and Siloxane Gel Based Electromechanical Actuator: Working Toward an Artificial Muscle,” to be published inJ. Polymer Sci., Part B. Polymer Phys. (2000).
Brock, D. L., “Review of Artificial Muscle based on Contractile Polymers,” MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, A.I. Memo No. 1330, Nov. 1991.
Caldwell, D., G. Medrano-Cerda, and M. Goodwin, “Characteristics and Adaptive Control of Pneumatic Muscle Actuators for a Robotic Elbow,” Proc. IEEE Int. Conference on Robotics and Automation, San Diego, California (May 8-13, 1994).
Calvert, P. and Z. Liu, “Electrically stimulated bilayer hydrogels as muscles,” Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials: Electro-Active Polymer Actuators and Devices, Mar. 1-2, 1999, Newport Beach, California, USA, pp. 236-241.
Cheng, Z.-Y., H. S. Xu, J. Su, Q. M. Zhjang, P.-C. Wang, and A. G. MacDiarmid, “High performance of all-polymer electrostrictive systems,” Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials: Electro-Active Polymer Actuators and Devices, Mar. 1-2, 1999, Newport Beach, California, USA., pp. 140-148.
Cheng, Z.-Y., T.-B. Xu, V. Bharti, S. Wang, and Q. M. Zhang, “Transverse Strain Responses In The Electrostrictive Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride-Trifluorethylene) Copolymer,”Appl. Phys. Lett. vol. 74, No. 13, pp. 1901-1903, Mar. 29, 1999.
Chiarelli, P., A. Della Santa, D. DeRossi, and A. Mazzoldi. 1995. “Actuation Properties of Electrochemically Driven Polypyrrole Free-standing Films,”Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, vol. 6, pp. 32-37, Jan. 1995.
De Rossi, D., and P. Chiarelli. 1994. “Biomimetic Macromolecular Actuators,”Macro-Ion Characterization, American Chemical Society Symposium Series, vol. 548, Ch. 40, pp. 517-530.
Dowling, K.,Beyond Faraday-Non Traditional A

Affiliated with

Also associated with

Rating

Electroactive polymer generators does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.

If you have personal experience with Electroactive polymer generators, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Electroactive polymer generators will most certainly appreciate the feedback.

Rate now

Comments { 0 }

Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2799928