Electrical contacts and methods of manufacturing same

Details Electrical contacts and methods of manufacturing same Electrical contacts and methods of manufacturing same

1990-09-24

1992-06-02

Weisstuch, Aaron

Batteries: thermoelectric and photoelectric

Photoelectric

Cells

357 30, 357 71, 437 2, 437189, 437194, 437199, 437203, H01L 3104, H01L 3118, H01L 310224

Patent

active

051183625

ABSTRACT:
Nickel is introduced into the construction of the rear electrical contacts on silicon solar cells to reduce contact resistance between the aluminum contact material and the silver pads. In one embodiment, the nickel is applied as an intermediate layer between the silicon substrate and each silver pad. In a second and preferred embodiment, the nickel is incorporated into the silver ink that is used to make the soldering pads. Specifically, the invention provides a "double-fired" process for forming a rear contact on a solar cell wherein (1) a windowed aluminum layer is first formed on the rear surface of a partially finished silicon solar cell by printing an aluminum ink or paste that contains a glass frit, (2) the aluminum ink or paste is fired without any intervening drying step, (3) soldering pads are formed by printing a silver
ickel/glass frit ink or paste so as to fill and overlap the windows, and (4) the silver
ickel/glass frit ink or paste is fired so as to cause the constituents thereof to make an ohmic bond with the silicon substrate. The foregoing procedure is integrated with the formation of a silver grid contact on the front side of the solar cell substrate in a conventional manner and firing that grid contact simultaneously with the silver soldering pads so as to form an ohmic contact with the front surface of the substrate.

REFERENCES:
A. Ricaud et al., Proceedings 6th E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference (1985), pp. 1056-1059.
G. C. Cheek et al., IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-31, pp. 602-609 (1984).

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