Electrical connectors – With insulation other than conductor sheath – Plural-contact coupling part
Reexamination Certificate
2000-03-14
2001-09-04
Patel, Tulsidas (Department: 2839)
Electrical connectors
With insulation other than conductor sheath
Plural-contact coupling part
C439S941000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06283795
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to an electrical connector, and more particularly to an electrical connector with reduced attenuation, near-end cross talk, and return loss so as to achieve impedance matching and comply with Category 5e of EIA/TIA T568A standard.
2. Related Art
Recently, the quality of electrical lines are required to be sufficiently high in order to meet with the high performance standard of data transmission in the network based communication systems. Moreover, the quality of electrical connectors is also required to enhance in order to meet with the even higher transmission speed. Conventionally, a network communication path consists of a transmission medium and a plurality of electrical connectors. Such transmission medium can be a twisted pair, a coaxial cable, an optical fiber, and so on. Nevertheless, such a network communication path experiences a number of drawbacks, particularly at higher frequencies in the network communication systems, thus degrading the signal quality. The drawbacks can be classified as follows:
1) Attenuation. Attenuation is a phenomenon of reducing the strength of an electrical signal, which becomes severe as the transmission distance increases.
2) Near-end cross talk. Near-end cross talk (NEXT) is a phenomenon that occurs when two signal lines carrying signals with about the same frequency in close proximity to each other causes the frequency of one line to interfere with that of the other.
3) Return loss. Return loss is a phenomenon when discontinuous impedance in the transmission system occurs, in turn causes a reflection in the electrical lines, and thus consumes power.
In the case of Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) lines, consisting of two insulated copper lines, are twisted in a predetermined manner. Typically, a twisted pair of line consists of a communication link. Alternatively, two pairs of lines consist of a communication link in some cases. These are simple transmission media commonly employed in computer networks. However, cross talk is found in the transmission media due to capacitive coupling existing between the lines. This cross talk is particularly obvious in higher transmission rate (or bit rate). Cross talk also increases impedance as well as significantly attenuates high frequency signals.
Accordingly, Electronic Industries Association (EIA) and Telecommunication Industries Association (TIA) propose a number of standards. These standards are accepted by Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). For example, the EIA/TIA T568A standard is included in the 802.3u standard. The EIA/TIA T568A standard is set out to require that the characteristics of all transmission media and electrical connecting means comply with the limits in accordance with the specifications as well as provide a number of standards for each category. For instance, Category 3 is set out to regulate voice signal lines where the bandwidth is 16 Mbps for 24AWG copper line and 100&OHgr; impedance. Category 4 and Category 3 are the same except that the former has an allowable bandwidth of 20 Mbps. Category 5 and Category 3 are the same except that the former has an allowable bandwidth of 100 Mbps. As to Category 5e standard with respect to electrical lines, it aims at regulating limits for improving the phenomenon of discontinuous impedance in the transmission medium, and reflection and power loss caused therefrom. In brief, Category 5e has stricter limits than Category 5 with respect to return loss.
A perspective view of a prior art for the electrical connector is shown in
FIG. 1
comprising a base
10
, a conductor seat
12
, and a base plate
13
. It is claimed by such prior art that the combination of media and connectors comply with the limits in accordance with corresponding specifications. However, for example, even if the combination of them complies with Category 5e respectively, each of them does not. Element by element, such prior art for electrical connectors is not electrical devices in compliance with Category 5e. Thus, signal quality is degraded in transmission when such electrical connectors are used.
Thus, it is desirable to provide an electrical connector with reduced attenuation, near-end cross talk, and return loss in order to overcome the above drawbacks of prior art.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an electrical connector for reducing attenuation, near-end cross talk, and return loss occurring in signal transmission of network communication systems in order to comply with Category 5e of the EIA/TIA T568A standard.
The advantages of the present invention are realized by providing an electrical connector comprising a base, a conductor seat, a spring contact, and a circuit board. It is possible that the above problems of attenuation, near-end cross talk (NEXT), and return loss caused by the increase of frequency in network communication systems can be eliminated or substantially reduced by configuring the wiring of metal conductors on the circuit board of the present invention.
Further scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4726638 (1988-02-01), Farrar et al.
patent: 5310363 (1994-05-01), Brownell et al.
patent: 5470244 (1995-11-01), Lim et al.
patent: 5547405 (1996-08-01), Pinney et al.
patent: 6132260 (2000-10-01), Wu
Birch & Stewart Kolasch & Birch, LLP
Patel Tulsidas
Surtec Industries Inc.
Webb Brian S.
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