Illumination – Modifier mountable on light source envelope
Reexamination Certificate
1999-03-17
2001-08-07
O'Shea, Sandra (Department: 2875)
Illumination
Modifier mountable on light source envelope
C362S351000, C313S635000, C313S573000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06270237
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to an electric lamp comprising:
a lamp vessel closed in a vacuumtight manner and having a wall enclosing the interior space;
an electric element arranged in the interior space of the lamp vessel; and
a metal layer provided on a substrate.
Such an electric lamp is known from DE 3040812-A1.
The known lamp is designed for use as a vehicle headlamp and is for this purpose accommodated in a reflector which has a light emission window. A non-translucent shield is placed over part of the lamp in order to prevent that light originating from the electric element will emerge directly through the light emission window of the reflector during lamp operation. This shield is partly surrounded by a hollow cylinder. The metal layer is present on the wall of the hollow cylinder which also partly surrounds the lamp vessel. Among the favorable properties of the metal layer is that it gives the lamp a colorless appearance in the switched-off state.
A disadvantage of this separate, non-translucent shield, the separate hollow cylinder, and the metal layer provided thereon, is that they lead to undesirable reflections of the light generated in the electric element. A comparatively large fraction of the light issues to the exterior through the light emission window at unfavorable angles during lamp operation as a result of this, which involves a serious risk of glare for other road users.
A further disadvantage is that the lamp has a comparatively heavy, complicated construction which is difficult to assemble owing to the many separate components.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the invention, the substrate of the metal layer is formed by the wall of the lamp vessel, and the metal layer is provided with means for preventing light reflection at its side which faces the electric element.
The lamp according to the invention can be manufactured in a very easy and simple manner. The metal layer is reflecting and non-translucent, so that the lamp has the advantage that the separate shield and the hollow cylinder are no longer necessary. Undesirable reflections against the individual components cannot take place anymore, so that light issuing from the light emission window at unfavorable angles as a result of these reflections and the concomitant risk of glare, for example on the part of other road users, are counteracted.
To prevent reflection of light at the side of the metal layer facing the electric element, the wall or the metal layer is locally provided with a non-reflecting surface, for example made non-translucent, for example frosted by usual techniques, for example by etching or sandblasting. The light is diffusely scattered at this area because the non-reflecting surface has been frosted. Unfavorable reflections of light against this metal layer do not occur. The reflecting properties of the side of the metal layer facing the light emission window gives the lamp, when placed in the reflector, the advantage of a colorless appearance, so that the lamp vessel is substantially invisible through the light emission window. This is perceived as an advantage especially by consumers, because a visible disturbance of the mirroring surface of the reflector by the lamp vessel creates an impression of the reflector being partly fractured or locally attacked.
In a favorable embodiment, the wall is made non-translucent in that a light-absorbing layer, for example a black layer, is provided on the side of the metal layer facing the electric element. The risk of glare is further reduced thereby because the light is not even scattered diffusely anymore, but is absorbed by the light-absorbing layer before light can be reflected against the metal layer. The fact that the light-absorbing layer is coated with the metal layer at the side facing the light emission window means that the lamp retains the advantage of the lamp vessel having a colorless appearance through the light emission window of the reflector and being substantially invisible.
It is important with the use of the lamp in an optical system, for example a reflector, that the lamp vessel should be correctly positioned and fixed therein. The alignment and fixation of the lamp vessel in the optical system is comparatively difficult. If the lamp vessel is provided with a lamp cap, the alignment and fixation of the lamp vessel may be achieved by means of this lamp cap. Since the lamp cap cooperates with the optical system, it will occupy a predetermined position in the optical system as a result. The lamp vessel fitted with such a lamp cap can be aligned and fixed comparatively easily relative to the lamp cap outside the optical system, such that the lamp vessel will occupy an accurately defined position in the optical system owing to the cooperation between the lamp cap and the optical system.
The lamp according to the invention may preferably be used as a vehicle headlamp. The risk of hazardous situations in road traffic is reduced in that dazzling of other road users by light issuing unfavorably from the light emission window is counteracted.
The lamp vessel may be made from hard glass or from quartz glass, i.e. glass with an SiO
2
content of more than 95% by weight.
The layers may be provided by usual techniques, for example by spraying or suspension techniques. The metal layer is, for example, silvery, for example made from one of the elements Ag, Al, Au, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, or mixtures thereof. The (black) light-absorbing layer is, for example, a paint comprising a pigment, for example ethyl-silicate paint with a mixture of transition metal oxides therein, for example of Fe, Mn, Ti, or of silicon as the black pigment.
Current feed-throughs may be embedded next to one another in one wall region, or in regions spaced away from one another, for example lying opposite one another.
The electric element may be an incandescent body, in which case the lamp vessel will preferably contain a filling comprising halogen, for example a rare gas with CH
2
Br
2
. The electric element may alternatively be a pair of electrodes, in which case the lamp vessel will contain an ionizable filling, for example a rare gas, mercury, and a mixture of metal halides.
The electric element may be made (partly) from undoped or doped tungsten. In the case of doped tungsten, a small percentage of means for regulating crystal growth may have been added, such as 0.01% by weight of K, Al, and Si together so as to influence the grain size of the tungsten.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3784861 (1974-01-01), Noteltier
patent: 4288713 (1981-09-01), Marlor
patent: 4305016 (1981-12-01), Schmidt
patent: 4506185 (1985-03-01), Gillert
patent: 4794297 (1988-12-01), Gaugel
patent: 5506464 (1996-04-01), Ooms
patent: 5619102 (1997-04-01), Scholler
patent: 5646471 (1997-07-01), Scholler
patent: 3040812 (1982-05-01), None
patent: 0354620 (1989-08-01), None
patent: 0358273 (1989-09-01), None
patent: 0561701 (1993-03-01), None
Halajian Dicran
O'Shea Sandra
Sawhney Hargobind S.
U.S. Philips Corporation
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