Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Radical -xh acid – or anhydride – acid halide or salt thereof...
Reexamination Certificate
1998-06-12
2001-12-18
Criares, Theodore J. (Department: 1617)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Radical -xh acid, or anhydride, acid halide or salt thereof...
C514S557000, C424S641000, C424S642000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06331567
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a diet or foodstuff and a dietary supplement useful in enhancing and/or improving the skin and coat condition of an animal or person. The present invention also relates to the use of the diet/foodstuff and dietary supplement in enhancing and/or improving the skin and coat composition of an animal or person and to processes for the preparation of the diet/foodstuff and dietary supplement.
2. Related Background Art
In most household pets, a healthy skin and coat indicates an animal in general good health. Since skin and coat problems are common in household pets, much research has gone into providing diets which repair deteriorations in skin and coat conditions, thus providing a basic level of healthy skin and coat.
W. H. Miller, Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, Vol. 19, No. 3, May 1989, pages 497-511; K. L. Campbell, Veterinary Dermatology, Vol. 4, No. 4 (1993), pages 167-173; and D. H. Lloyd, Journal of Small Animal Practice (1989) 30, pages 207-212, the disclosure of each of which is incorporated by reference herein, showed that dietary deficiencies in zinc or linoleic acid produce deterioration in skin and coat conditions in dogs and cats. Such deteriorations are reversed when the animal is fed a complete and balanced food including a high quality commercial food. There is no suggestion that a combination of zinc with linoleic acid would enhance or improve skin and coat conditions, even in healthy animals.
Levels of nutrients in pet foods are well documented as to the provision of a complete and balanced food for healthy animals. Variations on individual ingredients are usually kept within well defined limits. Concentrations of individual ingredients far in excess of these limits may cause detrimental/toxic effects. The European Community currently prevents the sale of dog foods containing greater than 28 mg/400 kcal of zinc. However, the United States permits zinc at levels up to 100 mg/400 kcal. Furthermore, it has been reported in Muller and Kirk's
Small Animal Dermatology
, 5
th Edition
, W.B. Saunders Company, 1995, page 900, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein, that pets that are fed high-quality commercial foods typically receive no benefits from additional supplements. Nonetheless, there is a great demand for products that will enhance or improve skin and coat conditions.
As the skin and coat condition of a pet provides such an important visual impact (in particular to pet owners and/or to the public in general) it is, and has been, of considerable interest to be able to deliver visible enhancements on animals with already good (healthy) skin and coat condition. This has previously not been within the control of pet owners. Furthermore, humans are constantly trying to improve skin and hair conditions. Therefore, it would be desirable to provide a food that enhances the skin coat condition while providing a balanced diet. It would also be desirable to provide a food supplement that enhances the skin coat condition.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides, according to a first aspect, a diet or foodstuff, comprising zinc at a concentration of at least 28 mg/400 kcal and linoleic acid at a concentration of at least 4 g/400 kcal.
The present invention provides, according to another aspect, a diet or foodstuff, comprising zinc at a concentration of at least 20 mg/400 kcal and linoleic acid at a concentration of at least 6 g/400 kcal.
This invention provides a diet or foodstuff having:
A) zinc at a concentration of at least 28 mg/400 kcal and linoleic acid at a concentration of at least 4 g/400 kcal; or
B) zinc at a concentration of at least 20 mg/400 kcal and linoleic acid at a concentration of at least 6 g/400 kcal.
This invention further provides a dietary supplement to supply (A) zinc at a concentration of at least 28 mg/400 kcal and linoleic acid at a concentration of at least 4 g/400 kcal; or (B) zinc at a concentration of at least 20 mg/400 kcal and linoleic acid at a concentration of at least 6 g/400 kcal.
This invention also provides a method to improve or enhance the skin and coat condition by administering a diet or foodstuff having:
A) zinc at a concentration of at least 28 mg/400 kcal and linoleic acid at a concentration of at least 4 g/400 kcal; or
B) zinc at a concentration of at least 20 mg/400 kcal and linoleic acid at a concentration of at least 6 g/400 kcal.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4208429 (1980-06-01), Fraser
patent: 5200218 (1993-04-01), Lasater et al.
patent: 5308832 (1994-05-01), Garleb et al.
patent: 3782895 (1995-11-01), None
patent: 3786995 (1995-11-01), None
patent: 0003407 (1979-08-01), None
patent: 0037175 (1981-07-01), None
patent: 0366869 (1990-09-01), None
Fraser, Coat conditioning method and composition for dogs and cats; US patent 4,208,429 ( see abstract caplus enclosed, AN 1980:531189), Jun. 17, 1980.*
Campbell, Karen L., Clinical Use of Fatty Acid Supplements in Dogs; Veterinary Dermatology, vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 167-173, 1993.
Miller, William H., Nutritional Considerations in Small Animal Dermatology, Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 497-511, May 1989.
Lloyd, H. D., Essential fatty acids and skin disease, Journal of Small Animal Practice (1989) 30, 207-212.
The Waltham Book of Dog & Cat Nutrition, 2ndEd., A Handbook for Veterinarians and Students, Editor: A. T. B. Edney, Pergamon Press; Chapter 4, A Balanced Diet, pp. 57-74. (1988).
Campbell, Karen L., Fatty Acid Supplementation and Skin Disease, Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 1475-1486, Nov. 1990.
Codner, Ellen C. and Thatcher, Craig D., Nutritional Management of Skin Disease, The Compendium, vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 411-423, Mar. 1993.
Campbell, Karen L., Therapeutic Indications for Dietary Lipids, (1991).
White, Patricia D., Essential Fatty Acids: Use in Management of Canine Atopy; The Compendium, vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 451-457, Mar. 1993.
Bourdeau, P. and Ibisch, C., Zinc Increases Cultured Canine Keratinocytes Growth and Acts with Higher Toxity on Neoplastic Cells; World Veterinary Derm. Congress, Edinburgh, 1996, p. 130.
Cunnane, Stephen C., Evidence that adverse effects of zinc deficiency on essential fatty acid composition in rats are independent of food intake, British Journal of Nutrition (1988), 59, 273-278.
Monson, William J., Supplemental Nutrients for Skin and Haircoat Condition, Canine Practice-Nutrition/Dermatology, vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 32-37, Jan-Feb. 1981.
Bettger, William J., et al., Interaction of Zinc and Essential Fatty Acids in the Rat, J. Nutr.; 109, 480-488, 1979.
EfaVet® product literture, Schering-Plough Animal Health, (1992).
Mirra-Coat product literture, Shetland Oy, (no date).
Nutro's Five Point Programme for Healthy Skin and Coat brochure, (no date).
Marsh Katrina Anne
Watson Timothy David George
Criares Theodore J.
Fulbright & Jaworski L.L.P.
Mars UK Limited
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