Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus – product – and – With pressure equalizing means for liquid immersion operation
Reexamination Certificate
2000-03-10
2002-03-12
Le, Hoa Van (Department: 1752)
Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus, product, and
With pressure equalizing means for liquid immersion operation
C429S049000, C429S110000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06355369
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to electrochemical current sources, specifically air-metal electrochemical aluminum systems suitable for electronic devices, including radio telephones, portable audio and video players, video cameras, and personal computers.
2. Description of the Prior Art
There are known current sources, which contain a series of basic components including a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte, as well as a current converter with a stabilizer. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,656,876, a battery pack of lithium solid state cells is shown, where a DC/DC converter provides a stable operating voltage, possibly also different voltages upon request. U.S. Pat. No. 5,286,578 (shows a flexible electrochemical cell having an air cathode, a metallic anode and an electrolyte chamber. The electrolyte chamber is collapsed, when the battery is shipped (without electrolyte) to save space. U.S. Pat. No. 5,554,918 shows a mechanically-rechargeable battery having a replaceable zinc anode, an air electrode (one option) and a housing. A non-spillable electrolyte is contained in the housing. When necessary, the anode can be removed and replaced with a fresh anode. Further related battery art is found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,424,147, U.S. Pat. No. 3,798,527, U.S. Pat. No. 3,876,471, U.S. Pat. No. 5,525,895, U.S. Pat. No. 5,415,949, U.S. Pat. No. 5,049,457, U.S. Pat. No. 4,925,744 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,025,694.
Different additions to an aluminum anode, used in aluminum batteries, and to the electrolyte of such batteries are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,032,474. Preferred elements for the aluminum alloy composition are Cd, Sn, Bi, Sb, In, Ge, B, Se, Te, P, As, C, Re, Pd, Nb, Si and Zn in concentrations between 0.005% and 1.0% (by weight). As an example, Sn present in binary Al alloys should range from 0.01% to 0.5%, optimally 0.02%. The electrolyte is specified as alkaline, having one or more of the elements used for the Al alloy. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,004,654, an aluminum battery is shown, which has an anode comprising Al with Mg and/or Ca and optionally also In. Sn is present either in the electrolyte or in the anode or both. No Ga is present in the anode. Further related battery art is found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,004,654, U.S. Pat. No. 4,554,131 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,906,535.
Still further background material can be found in L. I., Antropov, E. M. Makushina, V. F. Pinasenko. Inhibitors of the Corrosion of Metals.—Kiev, “Tekhnika”, 1981.—184 pg., N. D. Tomashov. The Theory of Corrosion and Protection of Metals.—Moscow, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1959., The Products of Science and Technology. The Theory of Corrosion and Corrosion Protection. Vol. 9, Moscow, VINITI, 1982.—256 pg., V. V. Scorcelletti. Theoretical Background of Metal Corrosion.—Leningrad, “Khimiya”, 1973.—265 pg., and A. L. Rotinyan. Theoretical Electrochemistry.—Leningrad, “Khimiya”, 1981.—423 pg.
These known structures, however, have certain apparent disadvantages including:
a limited time of uninterrupted power and the necessity of periodic recharging the electric grid using a special recharging device;
lowering of the electric load at the rest cycle;
use of non-renewable sources of raw materials;
the formation of ecologically harmful waste products;
high cost;
low mass-energy characteristics;
high self-discharge rates;
high environmental impact (difficult to recycle/heavy metals);
low energy resource.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The goals of the present invention include:
providing an independent, self-contained, electrical source that can be mechanically recharged;
improving the performance characteristics by refusing of electric recharging;
increasing the time during which the electrical source will supply uninterruptable power during the conversation and waiting cycle;
providing an electrical power source that remains environmentally and ecologically clean throughout its full life cycle, including manufacture, use, and recycling or disposal;
lowering the cost of both manufacturing and usage.
These goals are achieved in the following manner:
The air-metal power source is made of the body containing a cathode and a replaceable unit (cartridge), containing anode and electrolyte. Thus power supply recharging is accomplished with mechanical recharging (by replacing the cartridge) and assuring a self-contained power source.
In the invention, a battery comprises at least one non-consumable gas diffusion positive electrode; at least one consumable negative metal electrode; an electrolyte based on water solutions of salts and/or bases; and a housing enclosing the electrolyte, the at least one positive electrode and the at least one negative electrode, to create an inter-electrode gap. The battery further has a first unit, comprising the housing with the at least one positive electrode, and a second unit, comprising the at least one negative metal electrode and said electrolyte, the electrolyte being held in an electrolyte impermeable container.
The second unit is replaceably and sealingly arranged in the first unit, so that when the at least one negative electrode and the electrolyte are consumed, the spent second unit is removed and a fresh second unit is inserted instead of the spent second unit. The electrolyte impermeable container is penetrated by a puncture means after the second unit has been fully inserted into the first unit, to allow the electrolyte to flow between the at least one positive electrode and the at least one negative electrode.
The battery further comprises at least one first conduit for connecting to and distributing ambient air, at least one second conduit for distributing the electrolyte, and at least one third conduit for collecting reaction products in cooperation with the at least one first conduit and the at least one second conduit.
The puncture element preferably comprises a substantially U-shaped element having sharp ends, the puncture element being arranged inside the electrolyte impermeable container. The battery preferably further comprises a biasing means for pressing the electrolyte impermeable container against the sharp ends, to cause the electrolyte impermeable container to break.
In one embodiment, the biasing means comprises a thread, which is attached to the electrolyte impermeable container. In another embodiment, the biasing means comprises a push bar having a foot end, which contacts the electrolyte impermeable container.
The at least one positive electrode and said at least one negative electrode preferably form pairs of one positive electrode and one negative electrode, and the pairs are connected in series to produce a desired output voltage. Alternatively, the pairs are connected in parallel to produce a desired output current.
The first unit further preferably comprises at least one first sealing means, forming a hermetic seal between the first unit and the second unit when the first unit and the second unit are engaged.
Alternatively, the second unit further preferably comprises at least one second sealing means, forming a hermetic seal between the first unit and the second unit when the first unit and the second unit are engaged.
Alternatively, the first unit further comprises at least one first sealing means and the second unit further comprises at least one second sealing means, the first sealing means and the second sealing means cooperating to form a hermetic seal between the first unit and the second unit when the first unit and the second unit are engaged.
The at least one positive electrode is preferably removably arranged in the first unit, to provide a possibility to replace the at least one positive electrode.
The battery further advantageously comprises a cap portion, the cap portion comprising a third sealing means and a releasable locking means, the third sealing means providing a hermetic seal between the first unit and the second unit, when the first unit and the second unit are engaged, and the releasable locking means is configured to maintain the body and the second unit in an engaged configuration until released.
The at least one
Iarochenko Alexander M.
Kulakov Evgeny B.
Armstrong R. Craig
Eontech Group Inc.
Le Hoa Van
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