Telecommunications – Radiotelephone system – Zoned or cellular telephone system
Patent
1997-05-14
1999-11-23
Urban, Edward F.
Telecommunications
Radiotelephone system
Zoned or cellular telephone system
455447, H04B 700
Patent
active
059916303
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to telecommunication systems comprising a radio link connection between two or more telecommunication units and, more specifically, to telecommunication systems having a plurality of geographically spread fixed and/or mobile radio telecommunication units.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In conventional Public Switch Telephone Networks (PSTN) and Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN), for example, up till now the overwhelming majority of residential and office subscribers have a wired connection from the subscriber premises to a public local exchange. These subscriber connections, which may run via an intermediate concentrator, are referred to as the local loop.
The installation of such wired links all the way to the subscriber premises is both time consuming and involves substantial networking costs, apart from troubles caused by the interruption of streets and pavements. Therefore, there is a growing interest in replacing the wired local loop by a so-called wireless local loop, i.e. using radio technology as an alternative for or as a replacement of the copper wires down to the subscriber premises. This is not only of interest for the present network operators in case of expansion or renovation of the existing public telecommunication network but, in particular, for new operators which would like to provide competitive public telecommunication services, such as a public telephone service. The concept of wireless public subscriber connections is called Radio in the Local Loop (RLL).
Within the concept of RLL, two basic systems can be distinguished: Fixed RLL (FRLL) and Mobile RLL (MRLL). In the FRLL system, the subscriber is provided with an ordinary telephone socket, however connected to a radio transceiver, also called Fixed Access Unit (FAU) or Wireless Fixed Access Unit (WFAU). Via this FAU/WFAU a radio link is established with a so-called radio access unit, which provides access to the PSTN/ISDN. In the MRLL concept, the subscriber is provided with a portable cordless or mobile radio telephone handset, by which, via the radio access unit, direct access to the PSTN/ISDN can be established.
Mixed concepts are also possible, i.e. FRLL providing mobility in the subscriber premises, also called Cordless In The Home (CITH) and residential or neighbourhood mobility, also called Cordless In The Neighbourhood (CITN). In some countries, governmental regulations prevent the established telephone operators from offering local mobility in the present PSTN/ISDN. In such cases, it is very advantageous for a second or third operator to offer both fixed and mobile or cordless access to the PSTN/ISDN.
Other types of communication systems having wired connections to a PSTN/ISDN are the well-known cellular mobile telephone and data transmission systems. A typical cellular mobile communication system comprises mobile radio subscriber units, a plurality of radio base stations, each providing service to a geographical area or cell, and radio exchanges or mobile telephone switching offices (MTSO) to which a number of base stations are connected. The MTSO are in turn coupled to a PSTN/ISDN for completing transmissions, such as telephone calls, between mobile radio subscribers and landline subscribers.
Cellular systems provide coverage over relatively wide areas, i.e. relatively large cells. Analogue cellular systems, such as designated AMPS, ETACS, NMT-450 and NMT-900 have been deployed throughout the world. Digital cellular systems are designated IS-54B in North America and the pan-European GSM system. These systems, and others, are described, for example, in the book titled "Cellular Radio Systems", by Balston et al., published by Artech House, Norwood, Mass., 1993.
First generation cellular mobile networks provide service to macrocells, having a range of 1 to 5 km from the base station to the cell boundary, and large cells (5 to 35 km), with some satellite cells (>500 km). An important problem in wireless cellular communication is to provide full cover
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Nguyen Thuan T.
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson
Urban Edward F.
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