Optical: systems and elements – Optical modulator – Light wave temporal modulation
Reexamination Certificate
2006-09-22
2008-11-11
Ben, Loha (Department: 2873)
Optical: systems and elements
Optical modulator
Light wave temporal modulation
C359S265000, C359S273000, C252S583000
Reexamination Certificate
active
07450292
ABSTRACT:
Electrolyte solutions for electrochromic devices such as rear view mirrors and displays with low leakage currents are prepared using inexpensive, low conductivity conductors. Preferred electrolytes include bifunctional redox dyes and molten salt solvents with enhanced stability toward ultraviolet radiation. The solvents include lithium or quaternary ammonium cations, and perfluorinated sulfonylimide anions selected from trifluoromethylsulfonate (CF3SO3−), bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ((CF3SO2)2N−), bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide ((CF3CF2SO2)2N−) and tris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methide ((CF3SO2)3C−). Electroluminescent, electrochromic and photoelectrochromic devices with nanostructured electrodes include ionic liquids with bifunctional redox dyes. Some of the electrolyte solutions color to red when devices employing the solutions are powered, leading to red or neutral electrooptic devices.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4340624 (1982-07-01), Yamashita et al.
patent: 4344674 (1982-08-01), Giglia
patent: 4671619 (1987-06-01), Kamimori et al.
patent: 4902108 (1990-02-01), Byker
patent: 5140455 (1992-08-01), Varaprasad et al.
patent: 5142407 (1992-08-01), Varaprasad et al.
patent: 5500760 (1996-03-01), Varaprasad et al.
patent: 5604626 (1997-02-01), Teowee et al.
patent: 5729379 (1998-03-01), Allemand et al.
patent: 5827602 (1998-10-01), Koch et al.
patent: 5838483 (1998-11-01), Teowee et al.
patent: 5864419 (1999-01-01), Lynam
patent: 5940201 (1999-08-01), Ash et al.
patent: 5998617 (1999-12-01), Srinivasa et al.
patent: 6045724 (2000-04-01), Varaprasad et al.
patent: 6067184 (2000-05-01), Bonhote et al.
patent: 6118572 (2000-09-01), Kostecki et al.
patent: 6122093 (2000-09-01), Lynam
patent: 6141137 (2000-10-01), Byker et al.
patent: 6172794 (2001-01-01), Burdis
patent: 6178034 (2001-01-01), Allemand et al.
patent: 6241916 (2001-06-01), Claussen et al.
patent: 6245262 (2001-06-01), Varaprasad et al.
patent: 6246505 (2001-06-01), Teowee et al.
patent: 6266177 (2001-07-01), Allemand et al.
patent: 6297900 (2001-10-01), Tulloch et al.
patent: 6310714 (2001-10-01), Lomprey et al.
patent: 6317248 (2001-11-01), Agrawal et al.
patent: 6327070 (2001-12-01), Heuer et al.
patent: 6344918 (2002-02-01), Berneth et al.
patent: 6362914 (2002-03-01), Baumann et al.
patent: 6365301 (2002-04-01), Michot et al.
patent: 6369934 (2002-04-01), Bechinger et al.
patent: 6372159 (2002-04-01), Berneth et al.
patent: 6420036 (2002-07-01), Varaprasad et al.
patent: 6519072 (2003-02-01), Nishikitani et al.
patent: 6525861 (2003-02-01), Roberts et al.
patent: 6605239 (2003-08-01), Fitzmaurice et al.
patent: 6657768 (2003-12-01), Nishikitani et al.
patent: 6791738 (2004-09-01), Reynolds et al.
patent: 6816298 (2004-11-01), Nishikitani et al.
patent: 2002/0012155 (2002-01-01), Baumann et al.
patent: 2002/0021482 (2002-02-01), Fitzmaurice et al.
patent: 2003/0030883 (2003-02-01), Giri et al.
patent: 2006/0027260 (2006-02-01), LeCompte et al.
patent: 10-168028 (1998-06-01), None
patent: WO 99/45081 (1999-09-01), None
patent: WO 01/27690 (2001-04-01), None
patent: WO 01/63350 (2001-08-01), None
patent: WO 01/93363 (2001-12-01), None
Alan B. McEwen et al., “Non-Flammable Electrolytes,” WO 01/93363, published Dec. 6, 2001.
Watanabe Masayoshi et al., “Normal Temperature-Melting Salt and Electrochemical Device Using the Same,” Japan 10-168028, issued Jun. 23, 1998.
Rika Hagiwara and Yasuhiko Ito, “Room Temperature Ionic Liquids of Alkylimidazolium Cations and Fluoroanions,” Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, vol. 105, pp. 221-227, 2000.
Charles M. Gordon, “New Developments in Catalysis Using Ionic Liquids,” Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 222, pp. 101-117, 2001.
Martyn J. Earle, Paul B. McCormac, and Kenneth R. Seddon, “Diels-Alder Reactions in Ionic Liquids,” Green Chemistry, pp. 23-25, Feb. 1999.
J. Sun, M. Forsyth, and D. R. MacFarlane, “Room-Temperature Molten Salts Based on the Quaternary Ammonium Ion,” J. Phys. Chem. B. vol. 102, pp. 8858-8865, 1998.
Yu. F. Pugachev and I. V. Neverov, “An Electrochromic System Based on Methyl Viologon Influence of the Polymer, Base Electrolyte, and Solvent Type on Its Chief Characteristics,” Ul'yanovsk Polytechnic Institute. Translated from Elektrokhimiya, vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 58-62, Jan. 1986.
“Ultraviolet Stabilizers,” Modern Plastics World Encyclopedia, pp. C-120-C-122, 2001.
Mark J. Muldoon, Andrew J. McLean, Charles M. Gordon, and Ian R. Dunkin, “Hydrogen Abstraction From Ionic Liquids by Benzophenone Triplet Excited States,” Chem. Commun., pp. 2364-2365, 2001.
D. Behar, P. Neta, and Carl Schultheisz, “Reaction Kinetics in Ionic Liquids as Studied by Pulse Radiolysis: Redox Reactions in the Solvents Methyltributylammonium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and N-Butylpyridinium Tetrafluoroborate,” J. Phys. Chem. A, vol. 106, pp. 3139-3147, 2002.
Jeffrey R. Lomprey, “Substituted Metallocenes for Use as Anodic Electrochromic Materials, and Electrochromic Media and Devices Comprising the Same,” WO 01/63350, published Aug. 30, 2001.
Mark Niemeyer, “σ-Donor Versus η6-π-Arene Interactions in Monomeric Europium(II) and Ytterbium(II) Thiolates—An Experimental and Computational Study,” Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., pp. 1969-1981, 2001.
A. W. Czanderna, D. K. Benson, G. J. Jorgensen, J.-G. Zhang, C. E. Tracy, and S. K. Deb, “Durability Issues and Service Lifetime Prediction of Electrochromic Windows for Buildings Applications,” Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, vol. 56, pp. 419-436, 1999.
Dave Thieste et al., “Near Infrared-Absorbing Electrochromic Compounds and Devices Comprising the Same,” WO 99/45081, published Sep. 10, 1999.
Clemens Bechinger, Suzanne Ferrere, Arie Zaban, Julian Sprague, and Brian A. Greeg, “Photoelectrochromic Windows and Displays,” Nature, vol. 383, pp. 608-610, Oct. 1996.
Donald Fitzmaurice et al., “Electrochromic Device,” WO 01/27690 A3, published Apr. 19, 2001.
Gimtong Teowee, Todd Gudgel, Kevin McCarthy, Anoop Agrawal, Pierre Allemand, John Cronin, “User Controllable Photochromic (UCPC) Devices,” Electrochimica Acta, vol. 44, pp. 3017-3026, 1999.
Zhifeng Ding, Bernadette M. Quinn, Santosh K. Haram, Lindsay E. Pell, Brian A. Korgel, Allen J. Bard, “Electrochemistry and Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence from Silicon Nanocrystal Quantum Dots,” Science, vol. 296, pp. 1293-1297, May 2002.
Sang Kwon Lee, Mark M. Richter, Lucjan Strekowsky, and Allen J. Bard, “Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence. 61. Near-IR Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence, Electrochemistry, and Spectroscopic Properties of a Heptamethine Cyanine Dye in MeCN,” Analytical Chemistry, vol. 69, pp. 4126-4133, 1997.
Alexander Michaelis, Horst Berneth, Dietrich Haarer, Serguei Kostromine, Ralph Neigl, and Ralph Schmidt, “Electrochromic Dye System for Smart Window Applications,” Adv. Mater., vol. 13, No. 23, Dec. 3, 2001.
Boschloo et al., “Spectroscopy of Highly Doped Nanostructured Tin Dioxide Electrodes,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1999, vol. 103, pp. 3093-3098.
Rathore et al., “Preparation and Structures of Crystalline Aromatic Cation-Radical Salts. Triethyloxonium Hexachloroantimonate as a Novel (One-electron) Oxidant,” J. Org. Chem. Mar. 1998, vol. 63 No. 17, pp. 5847-5856.
Rathore et al., “A Redox-Controlled Molecular Switch Based on the Reversible C-C Bond Formation in Octamethoxytetraphenylene,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39 (4), pp. 809-810.
Agrawal Anoop
Burrell Anthony K.
Cronin John P.
McCleskey T. Mark
Tonazzi Juan C. L.
Ben Loha
Borkowsky Samuel L.
Los Alamos National Security LLC
LandOfFree
Durable electrooptic devices comprising ionic liquids does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Durable electrooptic devices comprising ionic liquids, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Durable electrooptic devices comprising ionic liquids will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-4030954