Internal-combustion engines – Multiple piston – common nonrestrictive combustion chamber – Four-cycle
Patent
1997-03-12
1998-02-03
Okonsky, David A.
Internal-combustion engines
Multiple piston, common nonrestrictive combustion chamber
Four-cycle
123 51BA, F02B 7528
Patent
active
057133140
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention is directed to an improvement in internal combustion engines. In particular this invention is for internal combustion engines containing two pistons per cylinder, a primary and a secondary piston, wherein the secondary piston cycles through at a frequency half of that of the primary piston.
BACKGROUND ART
For a number of years now internal combustion engines have been developed which provide power from fuels such as petrol, diesel and gas, and convert it into a form, usually rotational or linear motion, which can then be used to power an enormous range of diverse applications such as ships, automobiles, motorcycles, electrical generators and even chainsaws. In its basic form an internal combustion engine converts chemical energy into kinetic energy, by burning of fuels.
A lot of research and development has been expended on internal combustion engines resulting in a large diversity of designs. Some of these include the four-stroke, two-stroke, rotary, and sleeve-valve type engines. The aim of all this research and development has been to improve the efficiency of engines and increase the power to weight ratio, to make the engines more reliable and robust, and to increase their power band range.
The easiest way to increase the power of an engine is to simply increase its capacity or displacement. However, for an engine of a given size there are various other factors which can increase the power. For an engine of a particular size the power available is a function of the pressure within the cylinder during the power stroke, the rate of the power strokes (commonly known as revolutions per minute), the friction in the engine and the volumetric efficiency. Therefore, either by increasing the pressure, increasing the revolutions per minute, increasing the length of the power stroke, decreasing the friction, or increasing the volumetric efficiency, the power of an engine can be improved. There are limitations on changing some of the above parameters. For example, increasing pressure is limited due to thermal considerations and by the ability of the engine to recharge the cylinder with a fresh air/fuel mixture between power strokes. Increasing the revolutions per minute is also limited due to mechanical constraints such as inertial loadings on the valves, bearings, rods and pistons, while increasing the length of the power strokes is limited by inertial loadings on the crankshaft.
This invention is directed to improving the power of an engine for a given capacity by changing some of the above parameters which collectively determine the power of an engine. This invention is directed towards a four-stroke engine.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
Therefore in one form of the invention although this need not be the only or indeed the broadest form there is proposed an internal combustion engine comprising of; therebetween; with respect to the other such that the second piston moves at a frequency half of that of the first piston; or apertures in the wall of the second cylinder; apertures in the wall of the second cylinder; opening or closing of the exhaust outlet at a selected time in the operating cycle of the engine; and uncovering of the apertures by the movement of the second piston.
In preference the exhaust sealing valve is a disc-type rotary valve.
This type of exhaust valve arrangement eliminates a popper valve. This increases volumetric efficiency since there is no valve in the way of the exhaust gas flow. This also reduces valve stresses and eliminates valve hot spotting which occurs in a poppet valve as heat can only be dissipated along the narrow stem of the valve causing it to be thermally stressed. In addition, a poppet valve operates by extending into the combustion space which requires power when the combustion space is under compression. The disc-type rotary valve improves mechanical efficiency since no power is expended working against the compression.
In preference at least a part of the second aperture or apertures is so positioned on the wall of the second cylinder
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