Communications: radio wave antennas – Antennas – Microstrip
Reexamination Certificate
2000-04-26
2001-08-28
Wong, Don (Department: 2821)
Communications: radio wave antennas
Antennas
Microstrip
C373S017000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06281846
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present patent application relates, as stated in its title, to a “DUAL MULTITRIANGULAR ANTENNAS FOR GSM AND DCS CELLULAR TELEPHONY” having novel manufacturing, conformation and design features that filfil the purpose to which it has been specifically conceived, with maximum safety and effectiveness.
More particularly, the invention refers to antennas comprising a number of triangles linked by the vertexes thereof, which simultaneously cover the GSM cellular telephony bands with frequency 890 MHz-960 MHz and DCS cellular telephony bands with frequency 1710 MHz-1880 MHz.
The antennas started their developing by the end of last century when James C. Maxwell set forth the main laws of electromagnetism in 1864. The invention of the first antenna in 1886 should be attributed to Heinrich Hertz with which he demonstrated the transmission of the electromagnetic waves through the air. In the 20
th
century and at the turn of sixties the early frequency independent antennas can be found (E. C. Jordan, G. A. Deschamps, J. D. Dyson, P. E. Mayes, “Developments in broadband antennas”, IEEE Spectrum, vol. 1 pages 58-71, April 1964; V. H. Rumsey, “Frequency-Independent antennas”, New York Academic, 1966; R. L. Carrel, “Analysis and design of the log-periodic dipole array”, Tech. Rep. 52, university of Illinois Antenna Lab., Contract AF33 (616)-6079, Oct. 1961; P. E. Mayes, “Frequency independent antennas and broad-band derivatives thereof”, proc. IEEE, col. 80, number 1, January 1992, and helixes, loops, cones and log-periodic groups were proposed for making broadband antennas. Subsequently fractal or multifractal-type antennas were introduced in 1995 (fractal and multifractal terms should be attributed to B. B. Mandelbrot in his book “The fractal geometry of nature”, W. H. Freeman and Cia, 1983). These antennas had a multifrequence performance due to their own shape and, in certain situations, as described and claimed in the U.S. Pat. No. 9,700,048 of the same applicant, they were small sized. The antennas described herein have their primitive origin in said fractal-type antennas.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to provide an antenna which radiating element comprises basically several triangles exclusively linked by the vertexes thereof. Its function is to operate simultaneously in the radioelectric spectrum bands corresponding to 890 MHz-960 MHZ GSM and 1710 MHZ-1880 MHZ DCS cellular telephony systems respectively.
Currently the GSM system is used in Spain by the operators Telefónica (Movistar system) and Airtel. DCS system is expected to become operational halfway through year 1998, the above mentioned operators or other operators being able to apply for a license of operation in the corresponding band within the range of 1710 MHz-1880 MHz.
The dual multitriangular antennas of the present invention (AMD hereafter) are mainly used in the base stations of both cellular telephony systems (GSM and DCS), providing radioelectric coverage to any user of one cell which operates in any of the two bands or simultaneously in both bands. The conventional antennas for GSM and DCS systems operate exclusively in only one band, whereby two antennas are required in case of wanting to provide coverage in both bands within the same cell. Since AMD operate simultaneously in the two bands, it is absolutely unnecessary to use two antennas (one for each band), whereby cellular system establishment cost is reduced and the impact on the environment in the urban and rural landscapes is minimised.
The main features of such antennas are:
Their multitriangular shape comprising three triangles linked by the vertexes thereof together forming, in turn, a larger sized triangular structure.
Their radioelectric performance (input impedance and radiation diagram) which is sufficiently similar in both bands (GSM and DCS) to meet the technical requirements simultaneously for each two systems.
As opposed to other antennas, the multifrequency performance in AMD is obtained by means of a single radiating element: the multitriangular element. This permits to greatly simplify the antenna, thus reducing its cost and size.
The AMD antennas are provided in two versions suitable for two different situations: a first version (hereafter AMD1) with omnidirectional diagram for roof horizontal mounting, and a second version (hereafter AMD2) with sectorial diagram for wall or pipe vertical mounting. In the former case, the multitriangular element is mounted in a monopole configuration on a conductive ground plane, whilst in the latter case the multitriangular element is mounted in a patch-like configuration which is parallel to the conductive ground plane.
The dual multitriangular antennas for cellular telephony comprise three main parts: a conductive multitriangular element, a connection network interconnecting the multitriangular element with the antenna access connector and a conductive ground plane.
The distinctive feature of said antennas is the radiating element made by linking three triangles. The triangles are linked by their vertexes in such a way that altogether are, in turn, triangle shaped. The radiating element is made out of a conductive or superconductor material. By way of example, but not being limited to it, the multitriangular structure can be made out of copper or brass sheet or in the form of a circuit board on a dielectric substrate.
The main task of the connection network is firstly to facilitate the physical interconnection between the multitriangular element and the antenna connector, and secondly to adapt the natural impedance of the multitriangular element to the impedance of the cable (typically 50 Ohm) that interconnects the antenna with the transmitter-receiver system.
The conductive ground plane, along with the multitriangular element, serves the purpose of configuring the antenna to obtain the suitable radiation beam shape. In the AMD1 model, the multitriangular element is mounted perpendicular to the ground plane providing an omnidirectional diagram in the horizontal plane (taking said ground plane as the horizontal reference). The shape of the ground plane is not a determining factor though a circular shape is preferred due to its radial symmetry, which increases omnidirectionability.
In the AMD2 model, the multitriangular element is mounted parallel to the ground plane providing the antenna with a sectorial diagram. In addition, metal flanges can be mounted perpendicular to the ground plane in both side edges. Said flanges help to make the radiating beam narrower in the horizontal plane, reducing its width dimension by increasing the height of the flanges.
Concerning the type of metal to be used, it is not important from a radioelectric standpoint, though in the AMD1 model aluminium will be preferred due to its lightness and good conductivity.
The dual performance of the antenna, i.e. the repetition of its radioelectric features in the GSM and DCS bands is obtained thanks to the characteristic shape of the triangular element. Basically, the frequency of the operative first band is determined by the height of the triangular perimeter of the structure, whilst the frequential position of the second band is determined by the height of the lower solid metallic triangle.
Further details and features of the present invention will be apparent from the following description, which refers to the accompanying drawings that schematically represent the preferred details. These details are given by way of example, which refer to a possible case of practical embodiment, but it is not limited to the disclosed details; therefore this description must be considered from a illustrating point of view and without any type of limitations.
A detailed list of the various parts cited in the present patent application is given below: (
10
) omnidirectional dual multitriangular antenna, (
11
) multitriangular radiating element, (
12
) connection network, (
13
) connector, (
14
) ground plane, (
15
) adaptation network, (
16
) rigid foam, (
17
) sectorial dual multitriang
Anguera Pros Jaume
Baliarda Carles Puente
Borau Carmen Borja
Navarro Rodero Monica
Robert Jordi Romeu
Clinger James
Ostrolenk Faber Gerb & Soffen, LLP
Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya
Wong Don
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