Solid material comminution or disintegration – Apparatus – Including means applying fluid to material
Reexamination Certificate
2000-07-24
2002-06-25
Rosenbaum, Mark (Department: 3725)
Solid material comminution or disintegration
Apparatus
Including means applying fluid to material
C241S299000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06409106
ABSTRACT:
The present invention relates to a drum intended for a machine for the pre-processing and processing of household waste, commercial solid waste and non-hazardous industrial waste, and to such a machine.
The use of such a device for extracting cellulosic materials mixed with other materials such as plastic materials, light metals, and wood waste is already known from document FR 2 395 783. This device is constituted of a drum comprising a rotor, the latter turning rapidly and in a direction which is opposite to that of the drum. It comprises cutting fingers distributed in a helicoidal fashion on a first part of the rotor, and shredding teeth on a second part of this rotor.
Such a device has the major inconvenience of only treating cellulosic materials. In fact, it is unable to obtain a homogeneous mixture of an assembly of waste constituted of components of diverse natures, part of which could be transformed into compost.
One also knows from document FR 2 566 678 about an installation for processing waste, for example of household origin. This installation comprises a shredder, a drying and sorting device, and a means of air ventilation, which makes hot air cross the cylinder.
This device has the inconvenience of needing a source of hot air, which involves extra energy expenditure and consequently needs a complex processing installation.
Document FR 2 676 186 describes a procedure for processing refuse, such as household refuse, by separating the looser components from the more solid components. It also concerns a processing device.
According to this procedure, the looser components are shredded by projecting water under high pressure, whereas the most solid components, hardly shredded at all, are extracted from the drum in their initial state. The shredded components are transported outside the drum with the water.
The installation described in this document comprises a processing drum made to rotate around an axis which is not far from horizontal, and having an inlet opening for the arrival of the refuse to be processed and an outlet opening for the extraction of the most solid refuse. The wall of the drum is provided with perforations over the whole of its surface to allow the elimination of the loosest components, which are transported by the water.
Unfortunately, the presence of such a quantity of water projected under high pressure does not allow correct and non-powdery separation of each group of constituents taken in the dry state or simply slightly humidified.
As for document FR 2 464 097, it describes an installation for disintegration by crushing and shredding waste, for example of domestic origin. This installation comprises a cylindrical drum able to turn around a horizontal axis under the action of drive means. The drum, whose interior is divided by partitions, also comprises shredding bars, which penetrate the drum under the action of means of introduction provided at one end of the drum.
The bars and partitions present in the drum form a meshed structure. Such a structure operates efficiently together with the crushing elements to crush and shred the waste to be processed. The edges of the partitions and bars are sharp.
But such an installation does not allow delicate separation of the different constituents of household waste. In fact, one obtains a powdery type of mixture of the ensemble of the constituents.
Finally, document FR 2 746 410 discloses a drum intended for a machine for accelerated aerobic fermentation of organic waste. The drum comprises a cylindrical rotating envelope, and an outlet terminal transversal wall located at the end for discharging processed waste. The wall comprises an opening
18
off-centred relative to the horizontal rotation axis. This wall can either pivot in synchronisation with the rotating envelope, or can remain fixed relative to it. The opening
18
allows both the discharge of processed waste when it is in its low position as well as continuous ventilation of the drum when it is in its high position. The terminal wall also comprises, in the extension of the rotating envelope, a cylindrical lateral wall pierced by openings. These openings allow the passage of processed waste.
Unfortunately, a drum like this does not allow permanent ventilation of the waste when the opening
18
is in the discharge position, that is to say in the low position.
There also remains the need for a drum intended for a machine for pre-processing and processing of waste which is essentially of household origin, which allows household waste to be pre-processed by the continuous separation of fermentable components from the other components which have high added value, such as plastic materials, textiles, paper/cardboard, metallic scraps or yet again inert materials such as glass, pebbles, and this without transforming these other components into a powdery mixture. There also exists the need for a drum intended for such a machine allowing permanent ventilation of the drum even when it is in the position for discharging processed waste.
Thus the aim of the present invention is a drum intended for a machine for pre-processing and processing household waste, commercial solid waste or non-hazardous industrial waste comprising:
an elongated rotating envelope
2
c
comprising an external part
2
a
and an internal part
2
b,
a fixed transversal wall
4
at the arrival of the waste to be processed located at the inlet to the drum and immobile relative to the rotating envelope
2
c,
said wall comprising a first opening
7
linked to a ventilator
10
and a second opening
6
linked to a device for loading the waste,
a transversal exit wall
5
for processed waste located at the outlet of the drum turning simultaneously with the rotating envelope, characterised in that the rotating envelope comprises big cutters
16
, small cutters
18
, and points
17
fixed in a detachable way, and in that the transversal exit wall
5
comprises two openings
12
and
13
, one of which is situated in the upper half of the wall
5
and the other in the lower half of the wall
5
.
The use of such a drum as described according to the invention has the advantage of obtaining a homogeneous and non-powdery mixture of waste, thanks to a correct prior sorting, and an easy processing for each type of constituent in household waste. Prior sorting of the waste carried out by using a drum according to the invention allows easier processing later for the different types of constituents.
The drum also has the advantage of being able to turn continuously around the clock in an active fashion during a period of loading/unloading, and in a slower fashion during an inactive period of non-loading
on-unloading. The drum is also of interest because it allows the simultaneous maceration of waste when it is in an active or inactive position because of its rotation, and the ventilation of the drum to constantly renew the vitiated air by means of an adjustable opening.
The drum can have a different speed of rotation according to whether it is in active or slow operation. Moreover, the speed of rotation can vary in function of the nature of the waste to be treated. According to the invention the rotating envelope of the drum can be chosen to be approximately circular or hexagonal in shape. A cross-section of hexagonal shape for this envelope can make it possible to improve the quality and the speed of shredding thanks to the presence of the angles of the hexagon.
The rotating envelopes comprise cutters and points in identical numbers and places, whether the cross-section be approximately circular or hexagonal.
The drum can have a maximum length ranging from 60 to 65 meters and preferably between 20 and 25 meters. The total length of the drum is defined in function of the nature of the waste to be treated.
The drum can have a diameter ranging from 3 to 5 meters.
The rotating envelope comprises first of all large size cutters arranged along a length from 0 to 5 meters starting from the transversal wall at the inlet of the waste. This portion of the drum comprises neither points nor small cutters. T
Combaneyre Bernard
Levasseur Jean-Pierre
Rosenbaum Mark
Vinci Environnement
Wolf Greenfield & Sacks P.C.
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