Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Having -c- – wherein x is chalcogen – bonded directly to...
Patent
1996-08-27
2000-08-15
Jarvis, William R. A.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Having -c-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to...
514392, 514471, 514220, 514617, 514338, A61K 3144, A61K 31415, A61K 3134, A61K 3155
Patent
active
061037346
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present description relates to an invention based on the combination of certain chemical compounds or drugs thanks to which the detoxification procedure of opiate drug-dependants is carried out in less than a 24 hour period.
One of the main objectives in the treatment of opiate addiction is abstinence, which is dealt with in several papers as the article "Substance abuse disorders: a psychiatric Priority" in Am. J. Psychiatry 148, pp. 1291 to 1300, written by the Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry of the committee on Alcoholism and Addictions, in 1991.
There are several rapid procedures in which detoxification takes more than 10 days to be completed, as it is reported in various papers such as "Dependence clinical research and treatment unit, the Maudsley and Bethlem Royal Hospital" in Br. J. Addict. 83 pp. 1387 to 1394, by J. S. Strang, M. Gossop and B. Bradley in 1988.
A publication on the same lines was written by T. R. Kosten, J. H. Kristal, D. S. Charney, L. H. Price, C. H. Morgan and H. D. Kleber in 1989 with the title "Rapid detoxification from opioid dependence" in American Journal of Psychiatry 146, yet another article was written also by said authors, Kosten et al.: "Treatment of Heroin addicts using Buprenorphine" in Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 17, 1991.
The procedures described in the cited articles are often costly, as well as being frustating because of high rate of abandonment. For inpatient detoxification, the drop-out rate varies between 20 and 30% as reported in the article "Dropping out of substance abuse treatment: a clinically oriented Review" in Clin. Psychol. Rev., 12; pp 93-116, whereas for out-patient detoxification, it may be as high as 80%, as reported in the article by M. Gossop, A. Johns and L. Green "Opiate withdrawal: inpatient versus outpatient programmes and preferred versus random assignment to treatment" in Br. Med. J. 293; 1986.
Detoxification methods may involve replacement of the drug, using an opiate agonist such as Methadone, as reported in the article "Opiate withdrawal responses to 10-day and 21-day Methadone withdrawal programmes" by M. Gossop et al. in British Journal of Psychiatry, 154; 1989, or using partial opiate agonists such as Buprenorphine, as reported in "Human Pharmacology and abuse potential of the analgesic Buprenorphine by Jasinski et al. in Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 35; 1978. Another approach involves the use of adrenergic agonists such as clonidine or Guanphacine as reported in the articles "Clonidine in opiate withdrawal" by M. S. Gold et al. in Lancet i, 1978 and "Preliminary results of the Guanphacine treatment of acute opiate withdrawal" by Schubert et al. in America Journal of Psychiatry, 141.
Recently, there is a rising interest in blockade treatments using opiate antagonists such as Naloxone or Naltrexone in conjuction with adrenergic agonists, as reported in the papers "Rapid opiate detoxification with Clonidine and Naltrexone" by Riordan et al. published in 1980 in Lancet i, and in "The combined use of Clonidine and Naltrexone as a safe, rapid and effective treatment of abrupt withdrawal from Methadone" by Chartney et al. in Am. J. Psychiatry, 1989, by which it is achieved to realize therapeutics treatments derived from the use of said compounds in a short period between 48 hours and 4-5 days as reported in the articles "Opioid withdrawal and Naltrexone induction in 48-72 hours with minimal drop-out using a modification of the naltrexone-Clonidine technique" by Brewer et al. in Br. J. of Psychiatry, 153; 1988 and "Clinical utility of rapid Clonidine-Naltrexone detoxification for opioid abusers" by E. Vining, T. Kosten and H. Kleber in Br. J. Psychiatry, 83; 1988.
In view of the information published up till now, which has been cited hereabove, it is observed that there is a problem in detoxification, especially with Methadone substitution being the longer duration of the abstinence syndrom. The use of antagonists permits important reduction in the duration of the detoxification process.
In this line, an experiment of treatment with seve
REFERENCES:
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 91-93, J.J. Legarda `A 24-h inpatient detoxification treatment for heroin addicts: a preliminary investigation` cited in the application, 1994.
Am J Psichiatry, vol. 150, No. 5, p. 839, N. Loimer `ultrashort nonivasive opiate detoxification`, 1993.
Br. J. Addict. vol. 83, No. 5, pp. 567-575 E. Vining `Clinical utility of rapid clonidine-naltrexone detoxification for opioid abusers`,1988.
Br. J. Psichiatry vol. 153, pp. 340-343 C. Brewer `Opioid withdrawal and naltrexone induction in 48-72 hours with minimal drop-out, using a modification of the naltrexone-clondine technique`,1988.
J. Florez Farmecologia Humana Ediciones Cientificas Y Tecnicas, S.A. Barcelona, 1992.
"Dropping out of substance abuse treatment: a clinically oriented Review", Clin. Psychol. Rev., 12, pp. 93 to 116; p. 115, 1993.
"Dropping out of substance abuse treatment: a clinically oriented Review", Clin. Psychol. Rev., 12, pp. 93 to 116; p. 109, 1993.
"Rapid detoxification from opioid dependence", Am. J. Psychiatry 146, 1989.
"Rapid opiate detoxification with Clonidine and Nalozone", Riordan et al., Lancet I, 1980.
"Substance Abuse Disorders: A Psychiatric Priority", Am J. Psychiatry 148, pp. 1291-1300, 1991.
"Technique for Greatly Shortening the Transition from Methadone to Naltrexone Maintenance of Patients Addicted to Opiates", Loimer et al. In Am. J. Psychiatry. 148. 1991.
"The Drug Dependence Clinical Research and Treatment Unit, The Maudsley and Bethlem Royal Hospitals", Strang, et al., 83 pp. 1387-1394, 1988.
"Treatment of Heroin addicts using Buprenorphine", Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 17, 1991.
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