Power plants – Pressure fluid source and motor – Pneumatic motor with gas supply or removal device
Patent
1998-05-22
2000-07-04
Ryznic, John E.
Power plants
Pressure fluid source and motor
Pneumatic motor with gas supply or removal device
F16D 3102
Patent
active
060821051
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a driving apparatus for driving medical appliances, such as an artificial heart and an intra-aorta balloon pump (IABP), by alternately outputting positive pressure and negative pressure.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Balloon catheters for IABP are often used in medical treatment of heart diseases. In the treatment, a balloon catheter is inserted into the artery near the heart of the patient, and the balloon is inflated and deflated in accordance with the heart beat of the patient in order to assist or activate the cardiac function. Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 60-106464 (hereinafter "JP '464") discloses a medical-purpose driving apparatus for inflating and deflating such balloons.
The driving apparatus disclosed in JP '464 has a primary tube line and a secondary tube line, which are separated from each other by a pressure-transfer isolator (simply called an isolator, or generally named a volume limiting device (VLD)). A change of pressure occurring in the primary tube line is transferred to the secondary tube line, and the resultant pressure change occurring in the secondary tube line inflates and deflates the balloon. The reason why the primary and secondary tube lines are separated is that different kinds of fluid gas are used in these two lines, namely, one as a driving medium for actually driving the balloon, the other as a pressure source for generating positive pressure and negative pressure. This is required to improve the response of inflation/deflation of the balloon and, at the same time, to generate necessary pressure at low cost. The pressure-transfer isolator is located between the pressure source and the balloon in order to prevent excessive gas from flowing into the balloon when the balloon is inflated.
In this Intra Aortic balloon catheter, helium gas, which has a small mass and a high response ability, is preferably used as the fluid gas filled in the secondary tube line. In this case, the helium gas functions as driving shuttle gas. Prior to filling the balloon and the secondary tube line with the helium gas, the balloon and the secondary tube line are evacuated. The pressure of helium gas to be filled is up to pressure near the atmospheric pressure or lower than that pressure. Filling pressure up to 10 mm Hg higher than the atmospheric pressure is acceptable, so that the deflation speed of the balloon can be increased, and the response to high heart rate is improved. It can also reduce the load on the heart muscle.
In the conventional technique, the primary tube line consists of a positive pressure line and a negative pressure line, and the positive and negative pressures are alternately transferred to the pressure-transfer isolator by means of a valve. The positive pressure line has a positive-pressure generating pump and a positive pressure tank, while the negative pressure line has a negative-pressure generating pump and a negative pressure tank. In other words, in the conventional method, positive pressure and negative pressure are generated by separate pressure sources.
Another type of driving apparatus for medical appliances is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 60-116366 (hereinafter "JP '366"). The driving apparatus of JP '366 uses a compressor as a positive-pressure generator, and a vacuum pump as a negative-pressure generator. The output ports of the respective pressure generators are connected to open/close valves. The output ports of the valves are connected to, for example, an artificial heart, which is driven by positive and negative pressure supplied through the valves.
However, providing two separate pressure generators is undesirable from the viewpoints of electric power consumption and the weight of the apparatus. In order to overcome this drawback, Japanese Patent Publication (after examination) No. 3-28595 (hereinafter "JP '595") and Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-61661 (hereinafter "JP '661") propose to use a single pressure generator having an input port, at which negative pressur
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Nippon Zeon Co. Ltd.
Ryznic John E.
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