Boring or penetrating the earth – With above-ground means to impact an earth-penetrating means
Patent
1990-05-10
1992-06-30
Dang, Hoang C.
Boring or penetrating the earth
With above-ground means to impact an earth-penetrating means
175171, 175173, 175213, 175215, 175320, 175324, E21B 600, E21B 2114
Patent
active
051254646
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention pertains to the novel application of a particular circulation technique to an existing drilling method. The drilling method is percussion drilling with the hammer outside the hole. The circulation technique is double tube reverse circulation. This technique has already been used in drillings, but heretofore only in totally different fields, for instance, in tricone drilling.
2. Description of the Relevant Art
Soil drilling by means of a cutter screwed onto the lower extremity of a tube whose top end is subjected simultaneously to percussion and rotation transmitted through a suface hammer, has been known for a long time.
As drilling progresses, tubular elements are screwed on the top end of the tube, which tubular elements are again subjected to the action of the drilling mechanism. The tube is used to inject a fluid such as air or water. The role of the fluid is to clean the cutter, free the rock debris from the bottom of the hole and bring it back up to the surface via the annular space created between the tube and the ground.
This method presents two main disadvantages. First, the fluid loaded with the excavational debris can be contaminated by other debris torn away from the wall during raising, preventing the reconstruction of the successive layers penetrated. Second, the collars used to assemble together the tubular elements protruding into the drill-hole contribute to the degradation of the wall and create a permanent risk of jamming.
The aim of the present invention is to circumvent these disadvantages and to achieve drill-holes of better quality, as well as to make "drilling with hammer outside the hole" an actual tool of geological exploration by producing a good sampling of the layers penetrated. It is a further aim to achieve these goals at a lesser cost than conventional core-sampling.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The process according to the invention for achieving reverse circulation percussion drilling with hammer outside the hole is characterized in that water is injected between a sleeve and a concentric tube progressing simultaneously.
The water arriving at the base comes out around the cutter, cleans up the bottom of the drill-hole, then, via the central hole of the cutter and the inside of the tube, comes back up to the surface with the rock debris.
Because of this novel application of the process, the rock debris comes back up as soon as it is dislodged, thereby preventing any contamination of the sample during raising. The debris also comes up very rapidly due to the small tube internal cross section. Further, the rock debris is not recrushed along the drill-hole by the collars, thus permitting the production of rock elements of a size which faciliatates their identification and their study.
A drilling device according to the invention for the operation of the process is comprised of an axial tube whose top end is truck by a hammer and whose internal cavity is used for the raising of the debris which is ejected at the surface.
According to a characteristic of the invention, this debris is ejected at the surface either in the axis of the hammer, via a needle which penetrates the piston, or laterally below the hammer.
The drilling device is characterized in that an annular space is enclosed around the axial tube by a sleeve. The annular space is connected, below the hammer, to a water injection head and, at the base of the hole, to the cutter itself.
According to whether or not it is required to provide the geologist with a lined drill-hole, two different devices will be used.
If the hole is to be delivered bare, one will use a stack of double-bodied solid cast elements comprised of an axial tube and of a peripheral sleeve, male threaded at one end and female threaded at the other end, these threads being used to couple the double-bodied solid cast elements, and to drive their rotatory motion. The tube is centered within the sleeve by means of a device which protects the sleeve from the waveshocks transmitted b
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Cogema
Dang Hoang C.
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