Static structures (e.g. – buildings) – Cover with surface water receiver at eave or valley – With separator; e.g. – strainer
Patent
1986-06-23
1987-08-04
Husar, Cornelius J.
Static structures (e.g., buildings)
Cover with surface water receiver at eave or valley
With separator; e.g., strainer
52 11, 405119, 210163, E04D 1300, E02B 508
Patent
active
046836853
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is concerned with an apparatus for the draining of rain water from roofs or the equivalent. The apparatus is based on the principle of providing closed flow in the vertical draining pipe at the dimensioned water quantity, so that the draining is intensified and smaller and less expensive conduits can be used as compared with pipe systems requiring mixed flow, in which, thus, both air and water flow.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the dimensioning of rain water pipes, different modes are in use in different countries, and for the dimensioning of the conduits, so-called dimensioning rainwater quantities have also been defined, the maximum intensity being, e.g., in Finland 150 l/s/ha (liters per second per hectare), in Sweden 130 l/s/ha, in Germany in certain places 400 l/s/ha.
It is known in the prior art to provide a closed flow, e.g., by fitting a so-called roof well inti the roof, into which the water flowing from the roof is collected and in whose bottom portion there is an opening for connecting the vertical draining pipe. The opening is covered by a solid cover, whose perforated edges have been bent downwards so as to form a water lock when the roof well is full of water. The objective is to prevent the access of air and the formation of a water vortex in the opening of the draining pipe (FI Pat. No. 41,451).
According to another suggested construction in the prior art, attempts are made to prevent access of air into the vertical draining pipe by placing a plug-like conical cover member in the mouth opening of the pipe whose shape corresponds to the air vortex of water when water rushes into an opening freely (FI Pat. No. 58,193).
Primary drawbacks of the prior art solutions are the high costs of roof wells, reduction in the thickness of the insulation, and, moreover, that the water is not drained uniformly. The water flows into the roof well rather uniformly, but is emptied from it unevenly. So-called swinging is produced when the water level in the roof well is alternatingly going up and down. The efficient draining caused by closed flow empties the roof well rapidly. Thereupon air is mixed with the water for some time, whereat the flow rate is reduced until the well is again filled, whereat access of air is prevented and closed flow starts again. The phenomenon is noticed as a disturbing water shock and as noise.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention eliminates the drawbacks in the prior art. No roof well, i.e. recess, is needed at all, but the rain water is passed straight into the discharge opening placed in the roof surface.
It is characteristic of the principle of the apparatus in accordance with the invention that on the roof the water, flowing as open flow from the starting point towards the discharge point, is passed, without changing its flow direction and substantially at the speed of the open flow, into a space in which the open flow, when the intensity of rain increases, is continuously converted to closed flow so that, when the space is filled with water, air is excluded. The water is passed into an opening placed in the space and fitted to the roof portion, through which opening the water is discharged through the pipe system into the ultimate discharge point. Under these circumstances, the level of the water on the roof exclusively complies with the rules of open flow. In the closed flow obtained in this way, the static pressure of the water column flowing in the discharge pipe is utilized for the flow resistances, and normal formulae of calculation of closed flow can be applied to the dimensioning of the rain water pipe systems. Under these circumstances, the loss of pressure in the pipe system is equal to the difference in height from the roof to the point at which the water is ultimately removed from the area. This point is usually, e.g., within an area with city plan, the municipal storm sewer.
In the apparatus in accordance with the invention, a cover plate of specified dimensions is fit
REFERENCES:
patent: 803316 (1905-10-01), Vogel
patent: 1999277 (1935-04-01), Boosey
patent: 3355895 (1967-12-01), Bayes et al.
patent: 4107929 (1978-08-01), Ebeling et al.
patent: 4112691 (1978-09-01), Ebeling et al.
patent: 4385010 (1983-05-01), Bosne
Ebeling Olavi
Lunden Risto
Husar Cornelius J.
Oy Kontekla
Stodola Nancy J.
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