Hydraulic and earth engineering – Foundation – Columnar structure
Reexamination Certificate
1998-11-24
2001-04-17
Lillis, Eileen D. (Department: 3673)
Hydraulic and earth engineering
Foundation
Columnar structure
C405S244000, C175S267000, C092S065000, C092S075000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06217260
ABSTRACT:
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an apparatus for grouting of reinforced concrete piles for buildings, bridges or various foundations, in particular, to a hydraulic expanding apparatus for the construction of piles of bridges, buildings, protection slopes, and high-pressure anchor struts, etc.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
As disclosed in Chinese Patent No. CN 2218768Y, the present expanding apparatus, such as a hydraulic aviate former for piles with multi-branch bearing plates, is a multi-branch bearing plate pile machine designed to increase its bearing capacity and tensile strength. With this machine, construction of a pile is completed by drilling a hole, expanding the hole, and pouring concrete into the holes. The multi-branch bearing plate hole expanding apparatus is a special equipment for forming the side cavities of the pile holes to be fulfilled with concrete, which is suitable not only for poured piles, but also for anchor struts. It is proven that the pile so built has the features of increased load bearing capacity and reduced amount of concrete poured into. However, the extended tube of this expanding apparatus is rigidly coupled by connecting steel pipes one segment after another and is lifted and dropped unto a determined depth of a hole by a crane to perform an expanding operation. After one expanding operation is completed, the bow pressing arm is retracted and revolved to the next position with the aid of a thinner steel tube extending through a hole on the steel arm and expanding operation starts again.
To complete expanding of an entire cavity, the steel arms have to be revolved 8-9 times. The reason to have a rigid coupling of steel pipes is to achieve these functions:
(a) torque transmission,
(b) tension transfer, and
(c) measurement of the depth of the working device in a hole.
If the expanding operation takes place at the bottom of a hole of 40 m-50 m deep, an extended steel tube has a diameter of 280 mm, a wall thickness of 14 mm, and a length of 40 m-50 m and the working device has to be lowered down into the hole. The extended steel tube weighs to tens of tons, which makes vertical movement of the long extended tube difficult, resulting in labor and time wasting. Furthermore, when an extended tube is in a hole at tens of meters deep, there is likely offset vertically, which may cause the steel tube stuck in the hole. Especially when expanding, a pressure force of hundreds of tons is applied to both sides of the hole, so the steel tube inclines towards one direction if the angle of the pressure force is applied offset, resulting in a side force increased by tens of times. As a result, the connecting bolt and shaft pin may be broken so that the expanding device may fall down into the hole. In addition, the prior art apparatus may not accurately measure the depth the tube drops down and thus, the layer underground can not be located accurately. This inaccurate location leads to error on the load bearing capacity and creates poor piles.
Besides, there is an outer tube outside the bow pressing arm, which not only increases the weight of the apparatus, but also brings soil with it while the bow pressing arm is retracted. It is even worse when the expanding operation is performed at a layer of sand and stones since stones brought into the tube may stick the bow pressing arm from being retracted. In this case, it is impossible to lift up the apparatus from the hole as the bow pressing arm cannot be retracted to its normal position. In addition, prior art expanding apparatus neither detects the status of the soil being expanded, nor tests the expanding operation. Therefore, concrete pouring processing in construction of a pile has to be stopped once collapse happens, thus, what is needed is an extending apparatus that may be smoothly moved in a hole to complete expanding process.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An objective of the present invention is to provide an extending apparatus with flexible coupling for tension transfer. Preferably, a flexible steel rope is used as coupling means. Also, an automatic hydraulic revolving device is provided for transfer of torque; a depth measuring device and a drag cleaning device at the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder are provided to clean drag; and an expanding device with multi-arms at the same circular cross-section is provided to increase the stability of the operation and for central positioning.
Another objective of the present invention is to measure pressure values and recognize the layer of soil in expanding process. With aid of a displacement sensor, pressure value of each arm, pressed angles, and values of the expanding device revolving angle are accurately detected.
To implement the present invention, the fully intelligent multi-functional expanding apparatus includes a hydraulic expanding device, an automatically controlled hydraulic center, and a measuring system. The hydraulic expanding device includes a hydraulic positioning device, a hydraulic revolving device, a unidirectional pulling type bi-directional cylinder, and an expanding arms, which are rigidly connected one by one.
The hydraulic positioning device has a shaft pin connected to a coupler, a steel rope connected to the shaft pin, and an external tube connected to the coupler. The revolving positioning device is fixed on the bottom of the positioning device by an external positioning tube, a hydraulic positioning block, and a central positioning block; wherein three hydraulic cylinders are fixed on three hydraulic positioning blocks respectively, and a ladder-shaped block is coupled to the piston rod of each hydraulic cylinder. When the cylinders retract, all the ladder-shaped blocks contact on external wall of the tube that has three holes through the tube wall to allow the three piston rods to move back and forth. Six hydraulic oil hoses of three hydraulic cylinders are connected to two main hydraulic pipes in parallel.
The hydraulic revolving device works with its external tube fixed to the bottom of the external position tube and a central positioning block connected to a steam spring. Positioned by a nut, the steam spring is coupled to the external tube wall of the cylinder of the revolving device through the shaft pin. The cylinder is coupled to a pressure stop dog by a revolving pin. A displacement sensor and the hydraulic oil hoses are fixed on the cylinder. The hydraulic oil hoses are extended through the tube wall. With the pressure stop dog and pressure shaft locked by the coupling shaft with a nut, revolution is performed with reciprocating movement of the cylinder.
The other way of operation of the hydraulic revolving device is with its external tube rigidly coupled to the positioning device, the cylinder positioning block coupled to the external tube wall, the cylinder coupled to the external tube and the cylinder positioning block, the cylinder piston rod connection rack engaged with a gear that is fastened on the external tube wall and shaft holding block with a first bevel gear by means of a shaft so as to engage with a second bevel gear coupled to a central shaft. With a pressure stop dog, the pressure bearing is revolved.
The unidirectional pulling type bi-directional cylinder has its upper lid of the bi-directional cylinder coupled to the central shaft. The bi-directional cylinder includes a cylinder wall, a piston pulling rod, a piston push sleeve, and hydraulic hoses. The piston pulling rod moves downward along the cylinder inside wall while the piston push sleeve allows a reciprocating movement along cylinder inner wall and the external wall of the piston pulling rod. With the control of hydraulic oil, the piston push sleeve is connected to a multi-arm connecting block with a revolving pin. The multi-arm connecting block is coupled to 3-4 bow pressing arms with the shaft pin and the bow pressing arms and a bottom support are rigidly coupled to the piston pulling rod. Displacement sensors are respectively fitted on the multi-arm connecting block and the piston pulling rod. Pressure sensors and th
Heller Ehrman White & McAuliffe
Kreck John
Lillis Eileen D.
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