Receptacles – Receptacle having means to facilitate maintaining contents... – Ice-box – refrigerator – or freezer cabinet
Utility Patent
1999-09-03
2001-01-02
Moy, Joseph M. (Department: 3727)
Receptacles
Receptacle having means to facilitate maintaining contents...
Ice-box, refrigerator, or freezer cabinet
C220S592250, C220S592270, C220S592260, C220S062150
Utility Patent
active
06168040
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a double-wall insulating enclosure with a supported vacuum insulation between the walls.
Large area insulating enclosures for household appliances, e.g. refrigerators, freezers, and hot water tanks are usually made as double-wall enclosures with plastic foam insulation between the walls. In order to reduce energy consumption by these appliances, more efficient thermal insulation concepts are desirable. Future demands on efficiency of thermal insulation with practical insulation thickness can only be reached with evacuated insulations.
Proposed solutions are known where, e.g., the refrigerator housings are equipped with precast vacuum insulated panels—so-called vacuum-insulation panels (VIPs)—and the intermediate spaces are foamed out. The process involves a lot of different components, materials, and assembly steps, and therefore high manufacturing costs. Due to the high number of interstices, in areas where the VIPs border on each other there are areas with significantly higher thermal conduction and thus high energy loss.
Particularly for minimizing the high losses at marginal zones and interstices, it is known to fill the whole intermediate space of the double-wall enclosure with a supporting body (fiber board) and to evacuate the enclosure. For a vacuum leak proof enclosure and stability the walls are made of metal, especially stainless steel. However this makes enclosure manufacturing costly. Furthermore there are still high heat flows at big openings such as doors because of metallic heat bridges.
Insulated containers with double-wall glass inserts under vacuum for food and drinks (Dewar flasks) are also well known. The insulating effect is reached by hich vacuum (pressure less than 0.0001 bar) and is sufficient for keeping the food or drink warm (or cold) for many hours. However this kind of container is very fragile, and there are limitations with regard to design and size. The containers have to be supplied with a jacket, which makes the assembly costly. For circumventing the fragility, double-wall insulated containers can be fabricated completely of metal. These containers must also have a high vacuum in the insulating space, so the assembly is still costly. These containers are also limited with regard to design and size.
DE 35 45 518 discloses a so-called “supported vacuum insulation” , which has an efficiency as high as the above mentioned glass Dewar flasks. They need a comparatively low vacuum (pressure less than 0.1 bar) to maintain the insulating effect and have high mechanical strength like the above mentioned metal Dewar flasks. Because of the self-supporting design, there is also considerable freedom with regard to design and size.
The use of preformed insulating bodies of fibrous material, e.g. fiberglass, requires relatively high production costs. In many cases, especially for insulated containers for drinks such as coffee or tea, it has been shown that in comparison with glass, the relatively rough internal surface of a metal container gets very dirty and is hard to clean. Insulated containers with thermal insulation of foamed plastic are a lightweight and cost-effective solution, but this kind of insulation does not keep food and drinks hot or cold for a long time.
In accordance with EP 0 718 212, an insulated container is equipped with a heat accumulator for keeping the temperature constant for a long period of time. The accumulator has to be large, because the containers are poorly insulated. The assembly is therefore voluminous and heavy, and the solution is not suitable for daily use.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,678,725 (=EP 0 733 330) discloses a thermally insulated double wall container which uses a gas having low thermal conductivity, e.g. inert gas, in the intermediate space. However the conductivity is still somewhat high for keeping food and drinks warm or cold.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the invention is to provide an insulated double-wall container having good insulating properties, low weight, high mechanical stability, and easy assembly for cost effectiveness. This object is achieved by using a granulate of foamed glass in the intermediate space between the inner and outer walls. The granulate provides support for the walls when the space is evacuated, so that the insulation is integral and self-supporting, and the outer wall can itself provide the visible cover. The container walls can be made of metal, plastic, or a combination of materials. For easy clean-up and corrosion resistance, the internal container which comes into contact with food and drinks is preferably stainless steel.
To improve the internal surface of the container from a hygienic standpoint, it can be sealed with a hard glassy coating such as a sol-gel coating.
The insulating space is filled with a pourable, easily compacted foam-glass granulate with sufficient compression strength, and the space is evacuated to a pressure of less than 1 mbar. The container or enclosure may be sealed with a recessed plug in known fashion.
Tests have shown that optimum insulation conditions are reached with foam glass granulate with a grain diameter of 2 to 5 mm and a bulk weight of less than 0.2 g/cc. The foam glass has closed cells with an optimum cell size in the range from 80 to 150 um. Pulverized silica having a micro cell structure, in particular fumed silica, is also suitable.
To improve the leak proof aspect of the vacuum enclosure, especially with plastic jacket pieces, the surfaces of the enclosure are provided with a diffusion barrier coating prior to assembly. The coating is preferably provided on the surfaces facing the intermediate space. A sufficiently gas and vapor proof coating is preferably a multi-layer system which is first steam set with metal or metal oxide and then sealed with a glassy lacquer coat. It is also possible to apply a multilayer packaging sheet as diffusion barrier, for example by bonding when the wall elements are formed.
To maintain the vacuum over a long period of time, a getter material is provided in the insulating space. It is possible to use a formed getter body, or to admix getter into the granulate. Suitable getters for absorbing gas and vapor are oxides of barium, lithium, and calcium.
The foam glass granulate according to the invention offers the advantages that it can be poured, which simplifies assembly, and it fills the space and doesn't settle, so it provides support for the inner and outer walls of the container. The insulated double wall container according to the invention is suitable not only for small containers such as Dewar flask, but also for household appliances such as a refrigerator.
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patent: 3930375 (1976-01-01), Hofman
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patent: 4097422 (1978-06-01), Markusch
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patent: 4142910 (1979-03-01), Kraemer et al.
patent: 4444821 (1984-04-01), Young et al.
patent: 4674674 (1987-06-01), Patterson et al.
patent: 4729853 (1988-03-01), von Bonin
patent: 5678725 (1997-10-01), Yamada et al.
patent: 3545518 (1987-01-01), None
patent: 718212 (1996-06-01), None
Kerspe Jobst
Sautner Karl Heinz
Faller F. Brice
Isovac GmbH
Moy Joseph M.
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