Miscellaneous hardware (e.g. – bushing – carpet fastener – caster – Checks and closers – Liquid
Patent
1985-01-03
1987-06-02
Schran, Donald R.
Miscellaneous hardware (e.g., bushing, carpet fastener, caster,
Checks and closers
Liquid
16 58, 16DIG9, 16DIG10, E05F 310
Patent
active
046691472
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a door closer, i.e. a device which is connected between the door leaf and the door case for automatically closing an opened door. The door closer according to the invention makes it possible to open/close the door up to 180.degree.. It can give the greatest closing force when the door is in the very closing position, as well as a closing force which decreases with increasing opening angle for the door. The door closer according to the invention is especially, but not exclusively, intended for light and medium weight inner and outer doors. It is especially well suited for narrow door case profiles and in narrow places, e.g. on doors adjacent to angular walls.
The problem of automatically closing opened doors in a controlled manner has been observed since a very long time, and many different suggestions for solving the problem have been presented. For example, already in 1898 (U.S. Pat. No. 598,442) a door closer was disclosed comprising a piston/cylinder assembly which was interconnected between a link arm system pivoted on the door and the door case respectively. The purpose was to prevent too abrupt closing of the door, e.g. because of heavy wind draft. To this end an angled arm arrangement was used at the joint on the door leaf, which cooperated with a buffer of e.g. rubber on the door case to dampen the closing force in the last closing moment. Because of the design with the joint on the door leaf located most remote from the hinge, the door could not be opened completely.
Another example of a door closer, which has been known for a long time, is found in GB-A-127,225 (1919), which shows a piston/cylinder assembly provided with springs, which are compressed when the door is opened and provide the closing force when the door is being closed. An air throttle valve dampens the closing motion, and at the end thereof an air discharge valve is opened by contacting an external stop, the spring power taking care of the very closing of the door. The device permits only limited control of the dampening of the door closing, and the door can be opened 90.degree. at most.
As a further example of known door closers DE-B-2,633,787 can be mentioned, which shows another variation of a door closer having the joint on the door leaf located most remote from the hinge joint, in this case with this joint designed as a double joint having an extra link arm. Also in this case there is no possibility of full door opening, and the possibilities of controlled damping of the closing force are limited.
GB-A-29564 (1909) discloses another variation of a door closer, wherein a double driving assembly (comprising a spring and a pneumatic piston/cylinder unit) is connected between the door frame and a short link arm, or lever, which is also mounted on the door frame. A long lever is connected between the door leaf and the free end of the short lever. Also this door closer has considerable limitations, e.g. as to the kinetics of the closing of the door.
The invention aims at eliminating or minimizing these and other problems of known door closers. It in particular aims at providing a simple, compact and efficient door closer, which is easy to set up and provides an optimal closing force in the very closing moment and for the rest can give a closing force which is smaller the more the door is opened. The invention also aims at providing a door closer of the indicated type, which makes it possible to open the door up to 180.degree., if desired with disconnection of the closing force at large opening angles. The invention further aims at providing a hydraulic door closer whose damping effect--and consequently closing speed--can be controlled at intervals as desired depending on the opening angle, e.g. rapid closing down to about 100.degree. opening angle, medium speed closing between about 100.degree. and about 40.degree., and slow speed closing therebelow, an optimal closing force being developed at the very closing, i.e. when the door is moved into the door case and the lock snaps into the corresponding s
REFERENCES:
patent: 942568 (1909-12-01), Knapp
patent: 991674 (1911-05-01), Voight
patent: 1223408 (1917-04-01), Loftsgaarden
patent: 2122162 (1938-06-01), Smith
patent: 3161908 (1964-12-01), Walach
patent: 4073033 (1978-02-01), Lexnas
patent: 4372005 (1983-02-01), Inesso
Schran Donald R.
Wolfe James L.
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