Radiation imagery chemistry: process – composition – or product th – Electric or magnetic imagery – e.g. – xerography,... – Post imaging process – finishing – or perfecting composition...
Reexamination Certificate
2002-08-20
2004-01-06
Goodrow, John (Department: 1756)
Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product th
Electric or magnetic imagery, e.g., xerography,...
Post imaging process, finishing, or perfecting composition...
C430S108600, C430S120400, C430S137140
Reexamination Certificate
active
06673500
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND
The present invention is directed to processes, and more specifically, to a toner process wherein a component of, for example, a white glossy toner mark wherein glossy refers, for example, to a gloss value of about 75 to about 140 gardiner gloss unit (GGU) as measured by a gloss meter at an angle of about 75, and more specifically, from about 80 to about 130 GGU degrees when placed on a substrate, such as paper, is visibly detectable by, for example, the eye when viewed at any angle of, for example, about 10 to about 85 degrees, and more specifically, from about 35 to about 65 degrees. The viewing angle refers, for example, to the angle as measured perpendicular of the document security mark. The present invention is also directed to a process for the generation of white toners for security applications, and which toners contain waterborne polymers or resins; wherein a waterborne resin refers, for example, to a resin that is easily dispersible into submicron particles in warm water, where warm is at a temperature of from about 50° C. to about 80° C.; and which polymer resins can be aggregated and coalesced to provide materials for xerographic applications. Optionally, the substrate for the security mark can contain a second toner mark containing a waterborne resin, which mark is not visible to the eye, and is detectable when, for example, radiated with UV light becomes visible to the eye. Documents containing such marks when reproduced xerographically result in the absence of the white glossy marks or the marks appear as a dull gray mark indicating a fake.
In embodiments, the process of the present invention comprises the xerographic generation of documents, such as tickets, like tickets to sports activities, coupons, classified papers, currency, and the like by the formation of a security mark, water mark, indicia thereon, and which mark when dried possesses a white shiny or glossy surface where shiny or glossy refers, for example, to having a highly reflective surface wherein most, over about 50 percent, of the incident light is reflected from the surface, and wherein the mark is more glossy compared to the remainder of the document and wherein duplication, or counterfeiting thereof by, for example, xerography, ink jet printing, and the like will result in the absence of the security mark or the security mark may appear as a dull black/grey mark thereby indicating that the document is not authentic and is a forgery or fake. Accordingly, the use of costly sophisticated instruments to authenticate the mark can be avoided, since the security mark generated with the processes disclosed herein can be detected visually. Moreover, in embodiments a plurality of security marks may be included in the document, wherein plurality refers to at least two, and can be from about two to about ten, and more specifically, from about 2 to about 6, and yet more specifically, about 2 to about 4.
REFERENCES
Illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 5,208,630, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, are processes for the authentication of documents, such as tickets, credit cards, and the like, by generating these documents with a toner containing an infrared light absorbing component, which compositions are detectable when exposed to radiation outside the visible wavelength range, and more specifically, a wavelength of from between about 650 to about 950 nanometers.
Illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 5,225,900, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, is a process for controlling a reproduction system comprising scanning an image to detect at least one taggant in at least one marking material forming the image; issuing instructions to a reproduction system, and which instructions cause the reproduction system to proceed in a certain manner.
Further of interest is U.S. Pat. No. 5,554,480, which discloses, for example, a toner containing a UV pigment, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,344,192; 5,826,916; 5,695,220 and 4,796,921, the disclosures of which are totally incorporated herein by reference.
SUMMARY
It is a feature of the present invention to provide processes for the generation of images on a number of documents.
Also, it is another feature of the present invention to provide permanent security marks on documents.
It is yet another feature of the present invention to provide a visible mark on security documents, such as tickets, coupons, identification badges, passes, negotiable securities, and the like, and which mark or marks are formed by a composition of a white pigment and a waterborne polymer resin, which composition when fused forms a white glossy mark which is substantially visible to the eye at substantially any angle, irrespective of the light source location and optionally further containing a second security mark which is not visible to the naked eye, which optional mark is comprised, for example, of toners containing a component that fluoresces under an ultraviolet light and a waterborne resin, wherein the fluorescent component can be either a pigment, a dye, or mixtures thereof that is excited in the ultraviolet region of the light spectrum of a wavelength of from about 200 to about 400 nanometers and also fluoresces at about 400 to about 700 nanometers in the visible spectral region.
Additionally, it is another feature of the present invention to provide processes that prevent the duplication of documents, including security documents, like tickets, coupons or credit cards.
Another feature of the present invention is to provide processes for determining the authenticity of documents, such as tickets, coupons, credit cards, security badges, and the like.
Further, in another feature of the present invention there are provided security marks comprised of white toners containing titanium dioxide (TiO
2
) and a waterborne polymer, or a resin such as sulfonated polyester.
Moreover, in yet another feature of the present invention there are provided covert document authentication processes wherein selected areas, or words of documents can be readily and rapidly distinguished from the remainder of the document, and also a second mark detectable by, for example, illuminating this mark with a UV device, thereby enabling security or special coding of the document wherein the coding can be in the form of a letter or numbers which are not visible to the eye, and detectable by a UV detector. The colorants selected for the second mark in embodiments are those that fluoresce under ultraviolet light, that is, for example, a wavelength of from about 200 nanometers to about 400 nanometers.
It is still another feature of the present invention to provide toners generated by aggregation/coalescence processes of a colorant, such as a white pigment and a waterborne resin where waterborne refers, for example, to a resin which is dispersible or can be dissipated, that is the resins form a spontaneous emulsion in warm deionized water to provide an emulsion of submicron resin particles, and which toners can provide a means for placing coded information on a document, and which compositions can be selected for trilevel color imaging processes.
Aspects of the present invention relate to a process comprising applying a toner security mark on a document generated by xerographic means, and which mark possesses white glossy characteristics, and wherein the toner is comprised of a waterborne polymer and a colorant; a process wherein the toner is generated by
(i) preparing a waterborne resin emulsion comprised of resin particles dispersed in water;
(ii) mixing the resulting emulsion with a white colorant dispersion suspended in a nonionic surfactant and water;
(iii) heating the resulting emulsion colorant mixture to a temperature of about 5° C. to about 10° C. above the resin Tg, and adding a coagulant to the above mixture (iii) to initiate flocculation of resin and colorant particles;
(iv) maintaining the above temperature for an additional about 2 to about 10 hours to provide toner size particles of about 3 to about 7 microns in diameter, and optionally with narrow particle s
Halfyard Kurt I.
Hopper Michael A.
Mayer Fatima M.
Patel Raj D.
Goodrow John
Palazzo E. O.
Xerox Corporation
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