Radiation imagery chemistry: process – composition – or product th – Electric or magnetic imagery – e.g. – xerography,... – Post imaging process – finishing – or perfecting composition...
Reexamination Certificate
2002-08-20
2003-12-16
Goodrow, John (Department: 1756)
Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product th
Electric or magnetic imagery, e.g., xerography,...
Post imaging process, finishing, or perfecting composition...
C430S137140, C430S010000, C430S108100
Reexamination Certificate
active
06664017
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND
The present invention is directed to processes, and more specifically, to processes wherein a component of, for example, a white glossy toner mark wherein glossy refers, for example, to a gloss values of about 75 to about 140 gardiner gloss unit (GGU) as measured by a gloss meter at an angle of about 75, and more specifically, from about 80 to about 130 GGU degrees when placed on a substrate, such as paper, is visibly detectable by, for example, the eye when viewed at any angle of, for example about 10 to about 85 degrees, and more specifically, from about 35 to about 65 degrees. The viewing angle refers, for example, to the angle as measured perpendicular to the document security mark. Optionally the substrate can contain a second toner mark which is not visible to the eye, and which mark is detectable, that is when, for example, radiated with UV light the mark is visible to the eye. Documents containing such marks when reproduced xerographically result in the absence of the white glossy marks or the marks appear as a dull gray mark indicating a fake.
In embodiments, the process of the present invention comprises the xerographic generation of documents, such as tickets like tickets to sports activities, coupons, classified papers, currency, and the like, by the formation of a security mark, water mark, indicia thereon, and which mark when dried possesses a white shiny or glossy surface where shiny or glossy refers, for example, as having a highly reflective surface wherein most, over 50 percent, of the incident light is reflected from the surface, and wherein the mark is more glossy compared to the remainder of the document and wherein duplication, or counterfeiting thereof by, for example, xerography, ink jet printing, and the like will result in the absence of the security mark or the security mark may appear as a dull black/grey mark thereby indicating that the document is not authentic and is a forgery or fake. Accordingly, the use of costly sophisticated instruments to authenticate the mark can be avoided since the security mark generated with the processes disclosed herein can be detected visually. Moreover, in embodiments a plurality of security marks may be included in the document, wherein plurality refers to at least 2, and can be from about 2 to about 10, and more specifically, from about 2 to about 6, and yet more specifically, about 2 to about 4.
REFERENCES
Illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 5,208,630, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, are processes for the authentication of documents, such as tickets, credit cards, and the like, by generating these documents with a toner containing an infrared light absorbing component, which compositions are detectable when exposed to radiation outside the visible wavelength range, and more specifically, a wavelength of from between about 650 to 950 nanometers.
Illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 5,225,900, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, is a process for controlling a reproduction system comprising scanning an image to detect at least one taggant in at least one marking material forming the image; issuing instructions to a reproduction system, and which instructions cause the reproduction system proceed in a certain manner.
Further, of interest is U.S. Pat. No. 5,554,480, which discloses, for example, a toner containing a UV pigment, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,344,192; 5,826,916; 5,695,220 and 4,796,921, the disclosures of which are totally incorporated herein by reference.
SUMMARY
It is a feature of the present invention to provide processes for the generation of images on a number of documents.
Also, it is another feature of the present invention to provide permanent security marks on documents.
It is yet another feature of the present invention to provide a visible mark on security documents, such as tickets, coupons, identification badges, passes, negotiable securities, and the like, and which mark or marks are formed by a composition comprised of a white pigment and a polymer which when fused form a white glossy mark which is visible to the eye at any angle, irrespective of the light source location and an optional further security mark which is not visible to the naked eye, which mark is comprised, for example, of toners containing a component that fluoresces under an ultraviolet light, wherein the component can be either a pigment or a dye that is excited in the ultraviolet region of the light spectrum of a wavelength of from about 200 to about 400 nanometers and also fluoresces at about 400 to about 700 nanometers in the visible spectral region.
Additionally, it is another feature of the present invention to provide processes that prevent the duplication of documents, including security documents, like tickets, coupons or credit cards.
Another feature of the present invention is to provide processes for determining the authenticity of documents, such as tickets, coupons, credit cards, security badges, and the like.
Further, in another feature of the present invention there are provided security marks comprised of white toners.
Moreover, in yet another feature of the present invention there are provided covert document authentication processes wherein selected areas, or words of documents can be readily and rapidly distinguished from the remainder of the document and also a second mark detectable by, for example, illuminating this mark with a UV device, thereby enabling security or special coding of the document. The colorants selected for the second mark in embodiments are those that fluoresce under ultraviolet light, that is, for example, from about 200 nanometers to about 400 nanometers.
It is still another feature of the present invention to provide toners generated by emulsion/aggregation/coalescence processes, and which toners can provide a means for placing coded information on a document, and which compositions can be selected for trilevel color imaging processes.
Aspects of the present invention relate to a process comprising applying a toner security mark on a document generated by xerographic means, and which mark possesses white glossy characteristics, and wherein the toner is comprised of a polymer and a colorant; a process wherein the mark is present on a coupon, or currency; a process wherein the colorant is a white pigment present in an amount of from about 10 to about 40 percent pigment, and the polymer is present in an amount of from about 90 to about 60 percent; a process wherein the colorant is a white pigment present in an amount of from about 20 to about 30 percent pigment wherein the polymer is present in an amount of from about 80 to about 70 percent, and wherein the total of the two components is about 100 percent; a process wherein the mark is visible when viewed at angles of from about 15 to about 85 degrees from the perpendicular; a process wherein the viewing angle is from about 35 to about 65 degrees; a process wherein the polymeric resin possesses a molecular weight M
w
of about 15,000 to about 40,000; a security process including a second security mark containing a polymer and a UV fluorescent colorant; a process wherein the colorant is a white pigment of titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide or zinc oxide; a process wherein the white pigment is titanium dioxide present in an amount of about 20 to about 30 percent by weight of toner, and there is present about 80 to about 70 percent polymer resin; a process wherein the UV excited fluorescent pigment is present in an amount of about 3 to about 8 weight percent by weight of toner; a process wherein the UV fluorescent pigment is initially invisible, and subsequently rendered visible when subjected to UV light; a process wherein the UV pigment is selected from the group consisting of 4,4′-bis(styryl)biphenyl, 2-(4-phenylstilben-4-yl)-6-butylbenzoxazole, beta-methylumbelliferone, 4-methyl-7-dimethylaminocoumarin, 4-methyl-7-aminocoumarin, N-methyl-4-methoxy-1,8-naphthalimide, 9,10-bis(phenethynyl)anthracene, and 5,12-bis(phenethynyl)naphthacene; a process where
Goodbrand H. Bruce
Halfyard Kurt I.
Hopper Michael A.
Hu Nan-Xing
Patel Raj D.
Goodrow John
Palazzo E. O.
Xerox Corporation
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