Multicellular living organisms and unmodified parts thereof and – Method of introducing a polynucleotide molecule into or... – The polynucleotide alters fat – fatty oil – ester-type wax – or...
Patent
1994-12-21
1997-03-04
Fox, David T.
Multicellular living organisms and unmodified parts thereof and
Method of introducing a polynucleotide molecule into or...
The polynucleotide alters fat, fatty oil, ester-type wax, or...
536 232, 536 236, 435 691, 435 701, 4351723, 4353201, 435414, 435417, 435419, A01H 500, C12N 510, C12N 504, C12N 1529, C12N 1582
Patent
active
056081464
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to DNA sequences, that contain the coding region of an oligosaccharide transporter, whose introduction in a plant genome modifies the formation and transfer of storage materials in transgenic plants, plasmids, bacteria and plants containing these DNA sequences, a process for the preparation and transformation of yeast strains, that makes possible the identification of the DNA sequences of the plant oligosaccharide transporter of the invention, as well as the use of DNA sequences of the invention.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The most important transport metabolite for stored energy in many plants, for example potatoes, is sucrose. In other species, other oligosaccharides can serve this role. In Japanese artichokes for example it is stachyose.
The central position of the oligosaccharide transport in the energy content of the plant has already been shown in transgenic plants, in which by expression of an invertase, the sucrose is split into the monosaccharides, leading to considerable changes in its habit (EP 442 592). Because of the significance of sucrose in the formation of storage materials, numerous experiments have been carried out into investigating the biosynthesis or the metabolism of disaccharides. From DE 42 13 444, it is known that the improvement of the storage properties of the harvested parts can be achieved in transgenic potatoes, in which through expression of an apoplastic invertase, the transfer of energy rich compounds to the heterotrophic parts of growing shoots is inhibited.
In spite of much effort, the mechanism for distributing storage materials, such as oligosaccharides in plants has not been clarified and, in order to influence it, it is not yet known, how the sucrose formed in the leaves following photosynthesis, reaches the transport channels of the phloem of the plant and how it is taken up from the storage organs, e.g. the tubers of potato plants or seeds. On isolated plasma membranes of cells of leaf tissue of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) it has been demonstrated that the transport of sucrose through the membrane can be induced by providing an artificial pH gradient and can be intensified by providing an electrochemical potential (Lemoine & Delrot (1989) FEBS letters 249: 129-133). The membrane passage of sucrose follows a Michaelis-Menten kinetic, in which the k.sub.m value of the sucrose transport is around 1 mM (Slone & Buckbout, 1991, Planta 183: 484-589). This form of kinetic indicates the involvement of transporter protein. Experiments on plasma membranes of sugar beet, Ricinus communis and Cyclamen persicum has shown that the sucrose transport is concerned with a cotransport of protons (Buckhout, 1989, Planta 178: 393-399; Williams et al., 1990, Planta 182: 540-545; Grimm et al., 1990, Planta 182: 480-485). The stoichiometry of the cotransport is 1:1 (Bush, 1990, Plant Physiol 93: 1590-1596). Mechanisms have also been proposed however, for transport of the sucrose through the plasmodium of the plant cells (Robards & Lucas, 1990, Ann Rev Plant Physiol 41: 369-419). In spite of the knowledge of the existence of an active transport system, that allows the cells to deliver sucrose to the transport channels, a protein with these kind of properties is not yet known. In N-ethylmaleinimide staining of sugar beet plasma membrane in the presence and absence of sucrose Gallet et al. (1989, Biochem Biophys Acta 978: 56-64) obtained information that a protein of size 42 kDa can interact with sucrose. Antibodies against a fraction of plasma membrane protein of this size range can inhibit the sucrose transport through plasma membranes (Lemoine et al., 1989, Bichem Biophys Acta 978: 65-71). In contrast, information has been obtained (Ripp et al., 1988, Plant Physiol 88: 1435-1445) by the photoaffinity marking of soyabean protein with the sucrose analogue, desoxyazidohydroxybenzamidosucrose, on the participation of a 62 kDa protein in the transport of sucrose through membranes. An amino acid sequence of a sucrose transporter is not kn
REFERENCES:
Napoli et al. 1990. Plant Cell 2:279-289.
Grimes et al. 1992. Plant Cell 4(12):1561-1574.
Plant Physiology, vol. 89, No. 4, Apr. 1989, Rockville, MD, U.S.A., p. 155, Ripp, K. G., et al. "cDNA Cloning and the Deduced Amino Acid Sequence of a Plasma Membrane Protein Implicated in Sucrose Transport". Supplement 4.
Plant Physiology, vol. 99, No. 1, May 1992, Rockville, MD, U.S.A., p. 84, Suppl. Overvoorde, P. J., et al. "Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of the Soybean Membrane 62kD Sucrose Binding Protein and Its Possible Role in Sucrose Transport".
Biochem. Biophys. ACTA, vol. 1103, No. 2, 1992, pp. 259-267, Li, Z-S et al., "The Sucrose Carrier of the Plant Plasmalemma: III. Partial Purification and Reconstitution of Active Sucrose Transport in Liposomes".
EMBO Journal, vol. 9, No. 10, Oct. 1990 EYNSHAM, Oxford GB, pp. 3045-3050, Sauer, N. et al., "Primary Structure, Genomic Organization and Heterologous Expression of a Glucose Transporter from Arabidopsis Thaliana".
The Plant Cell, vol. 5, No. 8 Aug. 1993, pp. 823-830, Raikhel, N. V. et al., "The Wide World of Plant Molecular Genetics" p. 825, col. 2 & NATO Advanced Study Institute Course, May 10-19, 1993.
Plant Physiology, vol. 99, No. 1 May 1992, Rockville, MD, U.S.A., p. 9, Kossman, J. et al., "Functional Analysis of the Plastidic Fructose-1,6-biphosphatase and the Triose Phosphate translocator from potato". Suppl. 1.
EMBO Journal, vol. 9, No. 10, 1990, EYNSHAM, Oxford GB pp. 3033-3044, Von Schaewen, A., et al. "Expression of a Yeast-Derived Invertase in the Cell Wall of Tabacco and Arabidopsis Plants Leads to Accumulation of Carbohydrate and Inhibition of Photosynthesis and Strongly Influences Growth and Phenotype of Transgenic Tobacco Plants".
Plant Physiology, vol. 95, 1991, Rockville, MD, U.S.A., pp. 420-425, Dickinson, C. D. et al., "Slow-Growth Phenotype of Transgenic Tomato Expressing Apoplastic Invertase".
Gene, vol. 95, 1990, Amsterdam NL, pp. 17-23, Blatch, G. L. et al., "Nucleotide Sequence and Analysis of the Vibrio Alginolyticus Sucrose Uptake-Encoding Region".
Recent Advances in Phloem Transport and Assimilate Compartmentation, Fourth International Conference, Aug. 19-24, 1990, 1991, pp. 154-166, Delrot, S., et al., "Use of Plasma Membrane Vesicles From Sugar Beet Leaves for the Study of Sucrose Transport and of Sucrose Transporters".
EMBO Journal, vol. 11, No. 13, Dec. 1992, Eynsham, Oxford GB, pp. 4705-4713, Riesmeier, J. W. et al. "Isolation and Characterization of a Sucrose Carrier cDNA from Spinach by Functional Expression in Yeast".
Frommer Wolf-Bernd
Riesmeier Jorg
Fox David T.
Institut fur Genbiologische Forschung Berlin GmbH
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