Hydraulic and earth engineering – Diving – Suit or accessory therefor
Patent
1982-05-10
1984-09-18
Taylor, Dennis L.
Hydraulic and earth engineering
Diving
Suit or accessory therefor
12820518, 417234, B63C 1120
Patent
active
044720823
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
DESCRIPTION
The invention relates to a diving device for diving in shallow water, with a tube shaped supply element with an air inlet and an air outlet opening for supplying air from above the water surface to at least one diver's mouthpiece.
Such devices are known as air intakes. The tube like supply element is mostly rigid in the known devices, for example, a plastic tube. For example, it should be understood to also mean a flexible hose. During use, the air inlet opening is disposed above the water surface and the air outlet opening which is formed in a mouthpiece or provided therewith is disposed in the mouth of the diver, for example. However, air intakes have the disadvantage that the diver can remain constantly below the water surface at a depth equal to the length of the air intake (conventionally 0.35 m), while at deeper diving depths he must return, at least at the end of his personal breath holding time capacity, to at least the height of 0.35 m below the water surface for taking in of air, like any other diver without any auxilliary means.
Thereby, with an air intake the continous close observation of a process or a structure at depths of 1 to 2 m, which is a particularly interesting range for a diver, is not possible.
It was already suggested to merely extend the air intake for a constant obtaining of deeper diving depth. However, for physiological reasons such an air intake is not useable. When the lung is connected directly with the air above the water surface, that is, the atmosphere, by means of the air intake inlet opening an inner pressure prevails at the air outlet opening and thereby in the lung which is equal to the air pressure on the water surface, i.e., of about (1.10.sup.5 Pa (.apprxeq.1 atm 1 Bar (b).apprxeq."10 m H.sub.2 O"), since the additional air column with respect to the additional water column is immaterial, while at the outside of the body and thereby also on the outside of the lung at a diving depth of, for example, 1 m, the atmospheric pressure plus the pressure of the additional water column of 1 m, that is about 1.1.10.sup.5 Pa (.apprxeq.1.1 atm.apprxeq."11 m H.sub.2 O") prevails. Therefore, a pressure differential of about 0.1.10.sup.5 Pa exists. However, since already a positive pressure differential outer pressure ./. lung inner pressure of 0.06.10.sup.5 Pa (.about.0.06 b.about.0.6 m H.sub.2 O) causes permanent damage due to a lung edema, the use of air intakes longer than, for example, 0.6 m, represents a serious health hazard.
In addition, the lung can generate only a vacuum pressure which corresponds to about 0.5 m water column with active force, i.e., about 0.05.10.sup.5 Pa, so that an air intake by means of an air intake means in larger depth is made impossible anyhow.
For a longer stay below the water surface (i.e., for a considerably larger time period than the breath holding capacity of the diver) diving devices with compressed air bottles are known. Thereby, by means of an automatic control air is delivered from a compressed air bottle, for example, through a mouthpiece to the lungs corresponding to the given water pressure, so that the lungs are supplied with air, whereby the lung inside pressure is in the proximity of the outer pressure.
However, these diving devices require a considerable, expensive and in particular heavy and unwieldy equipment, due to the pressure bottles. Due to the deeper diving depth made possible and the dangers connected therewith, its use requires a specific training. Furthermore, the duration for diving is limited by the bottle content and if no compressed air station or a spare bottle is available, a renewed diving is not possible.
It is therefore an object of the invention to further improve a diving device of the mentioned type in such a manner that it is possible to obtain a permanent diving, i.e., in particular a diving independent from a limited air amount in shallow water depth, however also below the physiological air intake limit of 0.35 m water depth, free from outside assistance.
This object is solved in accordance
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