Joints and connections – Structurally installed in diverse art device
Reexamination Certificate
2001-01-26
2004-03-16
Novosad, Christopher J. (Department: 3671)
Joints and connections
Structurally installed in diverse art device
C403S084000, C403S104000, C403S404000, C403SDIG001, C223S066000, C446S328000, C446S378000, C446S384000, C446S390000, C446S391000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06705794
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND
Forms or manikins to display clothing or other merchandise are models of complete human bodies or parts thereof, often of life-size proportions. It is difficult to dress such forms unless the limbs are detachable.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,028,058 discloses a manikin with truncated legs, swiveling arms, and a detachable head. In manikins with removable parts, at least one leg is often made to be removable, arms are removable, and the torso may be made in two parts. Hands may also be detachable. Bayonet attachments are common means for attaching detachable limbs to forms, wherein a projection on the limb must be inserted into an appropriately shaped hole in the form, and turned for locking into place. U.S. Pat. No. 2,595,485 describes a fastener of this type, as does U.S. Pat. No. 2,081,071. There are numerous drawbacks to this method. The operation of attaching the removable piece must usually be performed blind, i.e. under the clothing. Often, once the removable piece is locked into position, it cannot be changed so as to place the limbs in various expressive attitudes. Further, if the limb is bumped, it may be easily broken, or the entire form knocked over and damaged.
One attempt to solve these problems is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,727,717, which provides joints for manikins which use sandwich magnets to keep the limbs in place. Male and female contours are used to provide mating surfaces, and once the joint is in place, it does not rotate. A drawback of this device is that the sandwich magnets do not provide sufficient depth-of-pull to keep the limb from being easily knocked off by customers and store personnel by bumping when the form is in use. If the limb is bumped with sufficient force to overcome the on-contact strength of the magnet, the limb will simply fall off. Further, the limb must be positioned with greater accuracy for attachment, since the sandwich magnet does not exert much force at a distance therefrom to pull the limb into place when it has been placed approximately in the correct position. This device may allow limbs to be positioned in two positions 180 degrees apart, but does not allow for positioning in attitudes between these extremes. Moreover, it is difficult to provide sufficient strength with the sandwich magnets described in that patent for secure attachment at small joints such as wrists and ankles, and the weight to strength ratio of such sandwich magnets is not good.
A lightweight means for attaching removable limbs to a form is needed which allows the limbs to be easily seated into place when the operator moves them into approximate alignment, which holds with sufficient force that the limbs are not easily knocked off by being bumped, but which does allow for detachment of the limbs when sufficient force is applied which would otherwise knock over and damage the entire form.
All publications referred to herein are incorporated by reference to the extent not inconsistent herewith.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A form is provided which has a removable piece attached thereto by a magnetic system comprising a magnetic assembly having a depth-of-pull sufficient to cause the removable piece to seek home, i.e., begin to move toward the attracted material, at a distance of at least one inch or, in other embodiments, a distance greater than one-half inch, e.g., a distance of about three-fourths inches. In one embodiment, this depth of pull is about 120 gauss at one inch, more preferably it is greater than about 200 gauss at one inch and, most preferably, is about 240 gauss at one inch. Said magnetic assembly is positioned on said form or said removable piece. Said magnetic system also comprises an attracted material on the other of said form or said removable piece so as to mate with said magnetic assembly.
A “form” is a manikin which may be in the shape of a human or animal, or a stylized human or animal. The removable piece may be any portion of the form, and is preferably selected from the group consisting of an arm, an upper arm, a lower arm, a hand, a leg, an upper leg, a lower leg, a foot, a head, a torso, and a pelvis.
The attracted material may be steel, iron, or other magnetically-adherent material known to the art, and is positioned on the other of the removable piece or the main body of the form and designed to mate with a corresponding magnetic assembly. Magnetic assemblies and attracted materials may also be placed on either or both ends of magnetic limbs, so that portions of limbs may be attached to each other, e.g. hands to lower arms to upper arms. A given detachable piece may comprise one or more structures made of attracted material, one or more magnetic assemblies, one of each, or any combination thereof as required to assemble the complete form.
The attracted material is preferably a piece of metal, preferably a steel disc having a thickness of at least about one-eighth inch. A thinner material will result in a less strong magnetic bond. Thicker pieces may be used, but will result in a heavier and more costly joint.
The depth-of-pull of the magnetic assembly is the amount of force exerted by the magnetic material at a point a given distance from the magnetic assembly. Preferably, the magnetic assembly has a depth-of-pull of at least about 200 gauss at one inch, and more preferably a depth-of-pull of about 240 gauss at one inch. The depth-of-pull is preferably no greater than about 250 gauss at one inch to avoid pinching the operator's fingers by having the magnetic assembly engage with the attached material too quickly and strongly.
In addition to its depth-of-pull, the magnetic assembly will also have an on-contact strength, which is the amount of force required to separate the magnetic assembly from direct contact with the attracted material. Preferably, for joining an adult-size arm to a form, the magnetic assembly has an on-contact strength of at least about 60-120 pounds, more preferably at least about 85 pounds, and most preferably, at least about 100 pounds. The on-contact strength is preferably no greater than about 120 pounds. For a shoulder cap, used to cover the shoulder joint when no arm is required for the form, the on-contact strength is preferably no more than about 20 pounds. The amount of on-contact strength required should be sufficient to hold the limb in place and prevent it from easily being knocked off during normal use and not so great as to prevent manual disengagement of the limb by the operator.
Appropriate on-contact strengths will be readily ascertainable by those of skill in the art, depending on the application. A discussion of magnetic properties and design is found at www.magnetsales.com.
While prior art magnetic limb attachments utilize magnets having good on-contact strength, the need for good depth-of-pull has not previously been recognized, and devices which provide good depth-of-pull have not been provided.
As used herein, depth-of-pull is defined in terms of gauss readings at various distances from the magnetic material measured in air, in the absence of an attracted material.
A greater or lesser amount of magnetic material may be used in a larger or smaller magnetic assembly designed to fit infant wrist joints, adult arms, legs, heads, or other parts with differently-sized cross-sections to provide the required depth-of-pull. Preferably, the magnetic assembly is arranged as described herein for the preferred embodiment, scaled up or down as appropriate. However, other materials and configurations may be used, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
The cup design is especially useful for adapting to various joint sizes since its on-contact strength can be varied, e.g., from around 0.5 pounds up to 180 pounds with selection of appropriate magnetic materials.
The magnetic material and configuration of the magnetic assembly to provide appropriate on-contact strengths will be readily ascertainable by those skilled in the art without undue experimentation in accordance with principles discussed herein and known to the art.
The manikins of this invention having magnetically attachab
Barber James D.
Talaric James
Varner Richard
Fusion Specialties, Inc.
Greenlee Winner and Sullivan P.C.
Novosad Christopher J.
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