Compositions – Preservative agents – Anti-corrosion
Patent
1993-01-21
1996-08-27
Chu, John S. Y.
Compositions
Preservative agents
Anti-corrosion
252311, 430539, 430546, 10615621, B01J 1300, G03C 176
Patent
active
055498450
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to dispersions and emulsions and, in particular, to those in which the continuous phase comprises aqueous gelatin.
The abstract of JP-A-59-072 410 describes a negative photoresist solution comprising gelatin as binder which has its viscosity and gel temperature lowered by the addition of 20 to 70 wt. % casein. Such a solution does not contain solid particles or any discontinuous liquid phase.
Photosensitive photographic silver halide materials contain silver halide/gelatin emulsions and, in many colour materials, also contain dispersions of droplets of colour couplers in high boiling coupler solvents in a continuous aqueous gelatin phase. In fact the terms emulsion and dispersion are used erroneously interchanged but their nature is well understood by the photographic chemist.
There are a number of factors which tend to increase the viscosity of such emulsions and dispersions. This often leads to undesirable effects, especially when coupled with the phenomenon of shear thinning which can occur when dispersions and emulsions are mixed, pumped or emerge from coating hoppers. Non-uniform coatings can be due to such phenomena. The present emphasis on thin layers can aggravate these problems.
Accordingly the present invention provides a means for reducing the viscosity of such emulsions and dispersions.
According to the present invention there is provided an emulsion or dispersion in which the continuous phase is aqueous and comprises gelatin wherein the viscosity of the emulsion or dispersion has been reduced by addition thereto of a water-soluble protein at a concentration of from 0.01 to 10% or a surfactant which is an ester of a polyalkoxylate.
The water-soluble protein may, for example, be casein or a caseinate salt, .alpha.-lactalbumin, .beta.-lactoglobulin, ovalbumin or conalbumin. The surfactant is preferably an ester of a polyethoxylate, especially a carboxylic ester and particularly a fatty acid ester thereof. The polyalkoxy moiety may contain 4 to 30 alkoxy units which are typically derived from ethoxy or glycidyl units. Examples of suitable fatty acids are stearic, lauric, palmitic and oleic acid. Specifically the surfactant may, for example, be from the commercially available TWEEN.TM. (Honeywell Atlas), CRILLET.TM. (Croda), or ARMOTAN.TM. (Akzo) ranges.
The addition may be made to the emulsion or dispersion before, during or after its initial formation. Preferably the addition is made as an aqueous solution of the material. The amount added is preferably from 0.1-5% and especially from 1-2%.
The emulsions may be any photographic silver halide emulsions. For example they may be any of those emulsions mentioned in Research Disclosure, December 1978, Item 17643, published by Kenneth Mason Publications Ltd., 12a North Street, Emsworth, Hants PO10 7DQ, U.K.
The dispersions may have a discontinuous phase comprising a high boiling coupler solvent and a photographic colour coupler. Information on such couplers and on methods for their dispersions are given in Sections VII and XIV, respectively, of the above Research Disclosure article.
The invention is illustrated in the following Examples. The Couplers used in the Examples are as follows: ##STR1##
EXAMPLE 1
To 10 g Samples of the following photographic coupler dispersion:
______________________________________ OIL
Coupler (A) 151 g
Dibutyl phthalate 38 g
2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate
11 g
GEL
Dry gelatin 91 g
Water 638 ml
10% ALKANOL XC .TM. 60.5 g
2N Propionic Acid 8 ml.
2N sodium hydroxide 2.4 ml
______________________________________
dispersing it therein, were added a range of volumes of a 10% solution of
sodium caseinate solution. After standing for not less than 15 minutes the
viscosities were measured on a BROOKFIELD LVT.TM. microviscometer. A
similar series was prepared in which the dispersion was diluted with water
only. The results are given in FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings and
show that caseinate solution lowers the viscosity much more than the
control additions of water.
EXA
REFERENCES:
patent: 2401718 (1946-06-01), Young
patent: 3617292 (1971-11-01), Gantz
patent: 3762928 (1973-10-01), Williems
patent: 3912517 (1975-10-01), Van Poucke et al.
Anderson Andrew J.
Chu John S. Y.
Eastman Kodak Company
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