Dispensing – With discharge assistant – Plural
Patent
1983-01-17
1985-04-16
Rolla, Joseph J.
Dispensing
With discharge assistant
Plural
222321, B05B 904, B65D 8314
Patent
active
045110697
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
There are currently several methods to dispense liquids with fine spray patterns. Historically, the accepted method for spraying liquid products with fine spray patterns such as colognes was to dispense these products from an aerosol. The conventional aerosol was capable of producing extremely fine particles in the air, and in addition was hermetically sealed which obviated product breakdown, generally attributed to oxidation of specific fragrance notes.
About four years ago, the aerosol industry in the United States was banned from using chlorofluorocarbons as a propellant source. Governmental regulations prohibited the use of the chlorofluorocarbon propellant in aerosols since they were allegedly involved with Ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere. The chlorofluorocarbons had enjoyed many years of widespread use for many aerosol products, and were particularly useful in colognes, pharmaceuticals, and ingestibles. The chlorofluorocarbons were stable, had a low order of toxicity, had no odor, were available as blends at several pressures, were readily available at reasonable cost, and above all, were non-flammable.
With the enforcement of the chlorofluorocarbon ban, it became necessary to utilize other propellant sources. Of the remaining propellants available to the aerosol industry, the hydrocarbon liquified gases came into greater prominence. Through the years, hydrocarbon blends had been used for aerosol water-based, household chemical specialty products, such as cleaners, waxes, deodorants, and insecticides. Although pure isobutane, normal butane and propane can be used, it is preferable to use blends of butane, isobutane and propane in order to obtain desired vapor pressures.
While hydrocarbon propellants apparently do not interfere with the Ozone layer, they do possess some less desirable properties. For example, although hydrocarbon toxicity is good, the hydrocarbons generally possess low flash points which, when coupled with the alcohol base used in most perfume concentrates, render these formulations more hazardous as to flammability than their predecessor chlorofluorocarbon formulations.
The fragrance market has recently turned to spray pump dispensers as alternatives to aerosols. Previously, pumps were used successfully on chemical specialty cleaners to dispense formulations with coarse, wet sprays. It was now a challenge for the mechanical pump manufacturers to refine and engineer their product line to accommodate dispensing of expensive fragrance products. Several pump manufacturers met the challenge by designing and manufacturing pumps for this market. With these pumps cologne and perfume could now be dispensed from a glass bottle with no hydrocarbon propellant, with little to no extra cost, and without added flammability or explosive properties. In addition, the pump dispensed products could be packaged on existing filling equipment. However, one disadvantage with these pumps was the feature common to all pumps, air enters the package on each stroke. This results in fragrance deterioration attributed to oxidation of certain fragrance notes. This short-coming in package integrity affected the quality and shelf-life of fragrances.
The utility of this novel sealed dispensing system is of course not limited to fragrances such as perfume or cologne. Practically any product that can be dispensed by pump or aerosol can be dispensed using this system. Of particular importance, of course, are those products which are preferably retained in a sealed environment such as, for example, pharmaceuticals which can be dispensed in measured dosages without destroying the sterility of the remaining portions.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a novel sealed dispensing system as an alternative to conventional pumps and aerosols. This system will obviate certain shortcomings inherent in both these packages. Comparison of this system of the invention with metered aerosols, conventional aerosols, and pumps is described in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1 _______________________________________
REFERENCES:
patent: 3211346 (1965-12-01), Meshberg
patent: 4025046 (1977-05-01), Boris
patent: 4122982 (1978-10-01), Giuffredi
patent: 4230242 (1980-10-01), Meshberg
patent: 4271875 (1981-06-01), Meshberg
patent: 4322020 (1982-03-01), Stone
Handren Frederick R.
Meyer Robert E.
Rolla Joseph J.
The Pharmasol Corporation
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