Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces – auxiliary compositions – Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing – With halogen – nitrogen – oxygen – or phosphorus containing...
Reexamination Certificate
1999-02-11
2001-01-30
Gupta, Yogendra (Department: 1751)
Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces, auxiliary compositions
Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing
With halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, or phosphorus containing...
C510S131000, C510S214000, C510S238000, C510S383000, C510S385000, C510S386000, C510S390000, C510S499000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06180584
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a composition that forms an adherent, transparent, water insoluble polymeric film on a substrate surface, and that provides sustained antimicrobial disinfecting action upon contact with microorganisms for prolonged periods, without the necessity for reapplication. The coating provides contact-killing surface disinfecting action only, and does not release its components into contacting liquids at levels that would result in solution disinfection. The polymeric film of the invention can be easily removed by treatment with dilute alcoholic base.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The constant threat of bacterial contamination and the associated repercussions on health have made antimicrobial solutions a ubiquitous part of commercial and residential cleaning and disinfection processes. Dilute aqueous detergents show no detectable reduction in bacterial levels on surfaces amenable to bacterial growth and proliferation in susceptible environments, such as hospitals and in residential kitchen and bath areas. On the other hand, oxidants such as aqueous hypochlorite and phenolic compositions produce substantial reductions in bacterial levels that are relatively short-lived (3 to 6 hours). This often results in recontamination due to reuse of such surfaces, requiring frequent reapplication of disinfectant. Further, relatively high concentrations of the active agent have to be incorporated in such formulations to obtain broad spectrum disinfection. These high concentrations often have undesirable side effects such as skin and eye irritation, in addition to being potentially hazardous when in contact with food. There is therefore a need for the development of new disinfecting formulations that can provide sustained broad spectrum microbial disinfection on surfaces over prolonged periods without reapplication, even after being contacted by cleaning solutions and after surface reuse. Furthermore, it is desirable to achieve disinfecting action using low levels of the antimicrobial agent that will not pose toxicity problems for the user.
The modality of action of film-forming surface sanitizers to date has been solution based, that is, the antimicrobial action is obtained by controlled release via diffusion or dissolution of the active agents into contacting aqueous or volatile solutions. Numerous examples of this type of sanitizer have been reported. Another typical variant involves hydrolysis or dissolution of the matrix containing an antimicrobial compound, thereby effecting its release into solution. High levels of preservatives, however, are also released into contacting solutions in long-term applications. In such mechanisms, a bioactive compound is covalently bound either directly to the substrate surface or to a polymeric material that forms a nondissolving surface coating. The antimicrobial compounds in such coatings exhibit greatly diminished activity, unless assisted by hydrolytic breakdown of either the bound antimicrobial or the coating itself. In either case, relatively high levels of preservative have to be released into solution in order to elicit antimicrobial action.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the invention to provide an antimicrobial composition which can be applied to a surface to provide a non-leaching, water-insoluble film which is capable of (i) providing immediate antimicrobial disinfection and antiviral action on the surface, and (ii) providing sustained antimicrobial disinfecting action for prolonged periods after application, even after being contacted by water and aqueous surface cleaners. It is also an object of the invention to provide a disinfecting composition that, when applied to a surface, provides a water insoluble film that can be removed from the surface upon application of a non-aqueous, film-dissolving formulation. Another object of the invention is to provide a disinfectant composition which further includes an optical reporter, e.g., a fluorophore or an optical brightening agent that enables detection of the composition on a surface by suitable detection devices such as irradiation by an ultraviolet or visible light source.
The invention further provides disinfecting compositions that form transparent, adherent, water insoluble films which, when applied on a surface, kill microorganisms contacting the films, but which do not leach or elute significant amounts of antimicrobial components or species into the contacting liquids at levels sufficient to provide disinfection in the contacting solution. The antimicrobial composition comprises a combination of an organic biguanide polymer and an antimicrobial metallic material.
More particularly, disinfecting compositions of the invention comprise a liquid, gel or foam comprising a solution, dispersion, emulsion or suspension of a polymeric, film-forming material and a metallic biocide in a carrier, which, when applied to a surface, forms a water-insoluble polymeric film on the surface in which the biocide is non-leachably bound to, complexed with, associated with or dispersed. The polymeric film forming material preferably comprises a polymer, copolymer or adduct which contains segments that, when the polymer forms a film on a surface, are capable of engaging microorganisms that come in contact with it. The biocide preferably is non-leachably attached to, complexed or associated with or dispersed within said film, but is capable of being preferentially transferred directly from the polymeric film to the contacting microorganism due to a higher affinity for proteins within the microorganisms.
In one aspect, the composition comprises a combination of (i) an organic polymeric polycationic material which is capable of forming a layer, film or matrix, and (ii) a broad spectrum metallic biocide which, upon application, becomes intercalated in the layer, film or matrix and that interacts sufficiently strongly with the organic material so that the biocide does not dissolve into or elute from the matrix into the surrounding environment. The organic material should possess two important properties: it should be capable of reversibly binding or complexing with the biocide, and should be capable of insinuating the biocide into the cell membrane of a microorganism in contact with it. The organic material preferably is capable of dissolving into or adhering to the cell membrane surrounding the microorganism. Preferred organic materials are those which can be applied on a surface as water-insoluble films and which bind the biocide in such a manner as to permit transfer of the biocide into the microorganism, but will not release the biocide into the surrounding environment, e.g., into the air or into any liquid in contact with the coated surface.
The biocide preferably is a low molecular weight metallic material that is toxic to microorganisms and is capable of complexing with or reversibly binding to the organic matrix material, thereby rendering the organic matrix water insoluble. The biocide exhibits greater binding affinity for functional groups in cellular proteins of microorganisms. When a microorganism contacts the antimicrobial material, the organic material engages or disrupts at least the outer portion of the lipid bilayer of the microorganism's cell membrane sufficiently to permit insinuation of the biocide into the microorganism, where cell proteins or proteins in the lipid bilayer compete effectively for the biocide due to favorable binding constants. Stated another way, the metallic material binds to or forms a complex with the organic material in which the association between the organic material and metallic material is sufficiently strong that the layer or film does not elute antimicrobial amounts of the metal into a contacting solution. However, the metallic material preferentially binds to certain proteins in the microorganism and thus is transferred from the matrix to the microorganism. The result is a contact-killing delivery system that selectively transfers the biocide to or into the microorganism's cell membrane upon contact
Sawan Samuel P.
Subramanyam Sundar
Yurkovetskiy Alexander
Gupta Yogendra
Ingersoll Christine
Surfacine Development Company, LLC
Testa Hurwitz & Thibeault LLP
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