Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Whole live micro-organism – cell – or virus containing – Fungus
Patent
1995-08-28
1998-12-01
Marx, Irene
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing
Fungus
4352541, 435911, A01N 1300
Patent
active
058434283
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a disease-controlling agent and a disease control method for useful gramineous plants using a microorganism belonging to the genus Exserohilum.
BACKGROUND ART
In the culturing of rice, blast is the most commonly occurring disease, causing decreases in yield. Therefore, the application of a fungicide is required from once to 3-4 times annually.
However, in view of the problem of environmental pollution caused by chemical pesticides recently, the development of an agent for controlling crop diseases which does not depend on a chemical pesticide as well as a method for using the agent has been desired.
Because of this need disease control methods using microorganisms have been developed. These methods can be classified into two groups, depending on the means employed. One is a method where a Pyricularia oryzae (pathogen causing rice blast) which exhibits incompatibility for a certain rice variety is inoculated into the rice variety to thereby induce its resistance against diseases and control rice blast. Examples of this method include one described in Bull. Tohoku Natl. Agric. Exp. Stn. 75, 27-39 (1987) and one described in Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, Vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 273-275 (1990). In addition, there is a similar method where a rice variety is inoculated with a microorganism isolated from rice which exhihibits weak pathogenicity against rice to thereby induce its resistance against diseases and control rice blast. This method is described, for example, in Annual Report of the Society of Plant Protection of North Japan, No. 30, pp. 53-55 (1979).
The second method is one where a microorganism which exhibits antagonism against Pyricularia oryzae (pathogen causing rice blast) is used to control rice blast. Examples of this method include one described in Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, Vol. 58, No.3, pp. 380-385 (1992) and those described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publications Nos. 2-35076 and 5-65209.
PROBLEM FOR SOLUTION BY THE INVENTION
However, the above-mentioned method where a Pyricularia oryzae incompatible race is used to induce resistance against diseases has the following problem. That is, since the property of "incompatibility" is a relative property between a certain race of the pathogen and a certain variety of the target crop, a race exhibiting incompatibility for one variety can exhibit compatibility for other varieties. Therefore, the application of a Pyricularia oryzae itself over a rice growing field involves a risk of causing rice blast in varieties of rice which exhibit compatibility for the applied Pyricularia oryzae. In particular, in such an area where a number of different varieties are grown, the possibility of causing rice blast increases if there is a rice variety with compatibility grown. Furthermore, incompatible races may be mutagenized into compatible races. Thus, there is the danger of such compatible races being mixed into the incompatible races to be applied.
In another method mentioned above where a microorganism isolated from rice is inoculated to induce resistance against diseases, Helminthosporium oryzae (Bipolaris oryzae) exhibits extremely high control effects against blast. However, since this microorganism is the pathogen causing rice Helminthosporium leaf spot, it is not applicable to a rice growing field.
The above-mentioned method of using a microorganism exhibiting antagonism against Pyricularia oryzae generally produces low control effects in many cases. For example, according to the method described in Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, Vol. 58, No.3 supra, control effects against blast is only about 50%. In addition, microorganisms used in this method are pathogens of useful plants in many cases, and thus there is a risk of causing adverse effects on other useful plants. For example, the method described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2-35076 uses the pathogen causing gladiolus bacterial soft rot and the method described in Japanes
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Fukuhara Yoko
Namai Tsuneo
Tsukamoto Hiroshi
Tsutsumi Fumiki
Yamada Masao
Japan Tobacco Inc.
Marx Irene
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