Boots – shoes – and leggings
Patent
1994-11-14
1999-01-05
Ramirez, Ellis B.
Boots, shoes, and leggings
348396, H04L 0500
Patent
active
058569308
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a disc-shaped recording medium for use in recording high-efficiency coded digital image data and a disc recording apparatus and a disc reproducing apparatus for use in recording and reproducing the high-efficiency coded digital image data on and from the disc-shaped recording medium.
As is well known, a CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory) is standardized based on a music CD (Compact Disc Digital Audio: hereinafter simply abbreviated as CD-DA).
Initially, a physical format thereof will be described briefly. The physical format is the format in which data can be read out from the CD-ROM disc when such disc is loaded onto a CD-ROM drive.
One disc can include music tracks or data tracks of 99 tracks at maximum. Information concerning such tracks are recorded on the disc at its starting portion called a TOC (Table of Contents), i.e., at the innermost peripheral portion of the disc. A portion in which the TOC is recorded is referred to as a leading track (leading Track). On the other hand, the portion in which a piece of last music is recorded on the CD-DA is referred to as a leadout track (Leadout Track).
In the CD-DA, a stereo audio signal is converted into digital audio signal at a sampling rate of 16 bits and 44.1 kHz and recorded, data of 2 (stereo).times.2 (16 bits).times.44.100=176,400 bytes is recorded per second. In the CD-ROM, a sector which results from dividing one second equally by 75 is handled as a minimum unit and therefore one sector is formed of 2,352 bytes.
In the case of CD-ROM MODE-1, one sector includes SYNC data (12 bytes), header (4 bytes), ECC (Error Collection Coding: 276 bytes) for error-correction, EDC (Error Detect Coding: 4 bytes) or the like and therefore remaining 2048 bytes are recorded as user data. ECC and EDC are omitted from the data, such as audio and image data, which need not be strictly error-corrected by data interpolation processing or the like, and 2,336 bytes except SYNC and header are recorded in one sector as user data. This is referred to as CD-ROM MODE-2.
Recently, personal audio equipment called mini disc (trademark) that can be recorded and reproduced have been developed and are now commercially available on the market.
The mini disc employs an EFM (Eight to Fourteen Modulation) as a disc writing modulation system and CIRC (Cross Interleave Reed-Solomon Code) as an error correction code. Audio data compressed according to an ATRAC (Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding) system is recorded in accordance with this format. Compressed data is recorded at every block called a cluster as shown in FIG. 6. This is a format very close to the above-mentioned CD-ROM MODE 2.
The CD-ROM uses 98 frames of CD as one sector. This is equivalent to a playback time of 13.3 ms. A CIRC interleave length is 108 frames (14.5 ms) and is longer than one sector of the CD-ROM. When data is recorded by using the CIRC error correction code, it is necessary to secure at least 3 extra sectors. This area is referred to as a link area. It is necessary to maintain a link area of 108 frames (1 sector+.alpha.) before data starts being written. After data was written, it is necessary to maintain the area of 108 frames similarly, otherwise the error correction interleaving is not completed.
If data is written from an arbitrary position, then the link area is dispersed into respective portions of the disc with the result that efficiency with which data is recorded and reproduced is deteriorated. Therefore, data is written at every recording unit of a certain magnitude. This recording unit is referred to as a cluster in the mini disc. One cluster is formed of 36 sectors. This rewriting is constantly carried out at the unit of an integral multiple of one cluster. Data to be recorded is temporarily stored in a RAM and then written in the disc. This RAM can be used commonly as a shock-proof memory that can realize a shock-proof function when used upon reproduction.
In the magneto-optical disc type mini disc that can be recorded and reproduced,
REFERENCES:
patent: 4918523 (1990-04-01), Simon et al.
patent: 5237675 (1993-08-01), Hannon, Jr.
patent: 5243587 (1993-09-01), Itoh et al.
Yasuda, Hiroshi, "International Standard of Multi-Media Coding", Maruzen, pp. 127-132.
Herpel et al., "Video Coding for Recording on a CD-like Magno-Optical Disc", IEEE 1990, International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Digest of Technical Paters, Jun. 1990, pp. 46-47, XP169759.
Frommer William S.
Peeso Thomas
Ramirez Ellis B.
Sinderbrand Alvin
Sony Corporation
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