Internal-combustion engines – Combustion chamber means having fuel injection only – Injection of fuel onto igniter – deflector – heater – or atomizer
Reexamination Certificate
2002-10-30
2003-09-09
Kwon, John (Department: 3747)
Internal-combustion engines
Combustion chamber means having fuel injection only
Injection of fuel onto igniter, deflector, heater, or atomizer
C123S305000, C123S197400
Reexamination Certificate
active
06615794
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a direct cylinder injection-type spark ignition internal combustion engine.
2. Description of the Prior Art
There has heretofore been known to produce stratified charge combustion by directly injecting the fuel into the cylinder to form a mixture in the vicinity only of a spark plug at the ignition timing to burn a lean mixture in the cylinder as a whole. To carry out the stratified charge combustion, in general, the fuel injection valve is opened for only a period required for injecting a required amount of fuel from a crank angle for starting the fuel injection set in the latter half of the compression stroke. It is intended that the thus injected fuel proceeds into a concave combustion chamber formed in the top surface of the piston and is deflected toward the spark plug, due to the shape of the combustion chamber, while being vaporized after robbing heat from the wall surface of the combustion chamber in order to form a mixture that can be favorably ignited near the spark plug.
In general, the fuel injection valve injects fuel in a form that is conically concentrated. Therefore, a relative long period is required while the fuel injected in the last stage of fuel injection becomes a combustible mixture utilizing the heat from the wall surface of the combustion chamber. To ensure this period, therefore, the fuel-injection end timing must be advanced. An amount of fuel which can be injected in the latter half of the compression stroke, therefore, inevitably decreases, and the stratified charge combustion must be abandoned in high engine load operations in which a relatively large amount of fuel is required. It has therefore been desired to carry out stratified charge combustion, which is effective in decreasing the consumption of fuel, over a wide range of engine operation conditions.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 9-158736 proposes injecting the fuel in the shape of a flat fan having a relatively small thickness by using a fuel injection valve having an injection hole in the shape of a slit. The thus injected fuel can rob heat from a wide area of the wall surface of the combustion chamber, making it possible to form a combustible mixture within a short period and to retard the timing for ending the injection of fuel. It is therefore possible to increase an amount of fuel injected in the latter half of the compression stroke and to expand the region of stratified charge combustion toward the high engine load side.
According to the prior art as described above, even if the timing for ending the injection of fuel is retarded, a combustible mixture can be reliably formed from the injected fuel at an ignition timing. The thus formed combustible mixture has a flat shape with its length being shorter than the width thereof and rises nearly in the direction of the length. The ignition timing must occur while the combustible mixture is rising and is coming in contact with the spark plug. However, the combustible mixture has a relatively short length and stays contacted to the spark plug while it is rising for only a relative short period. Therefore, it may often happen that the combustible mixture has already passed over the spark plug at the ignition timing due to a slight deviation in the timing for forming the combustible mixture, and the reliable ignition performance is not maintained.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention therefore is to reliably maintain the ignition performance and to reliably expand the region of the stratified charge combustion toward the high engine load side in a direct cylinder injection-type spark ignition internal combustion engine in which the fuel is injected in the form of a flat fan having a relative small thickness.
According to the present invention, there is provided a first direct cylinder injection-type spark ignition internal combustion comprising a spark plug, a cavity formed in the top surface of a piston, and a fuel injection valve for injecting fuel into the cavity in nearly the shape of a fan having a relatively small thickness, wherein, when the fuel injected in nearly the shape of a fan from the fuel injection valve is considered by being divided into a plurality of fuel segments in a radial direction, a side wall of the cavity has a first fuel deflection passage and a second fuel deflection passage for deflecting at least two of the plurality of fuel segments to pass near the spark plug, the side wall of the cavity is at least partly provided with a return portion that protrudes toward the inside of the cavity, the first fuel deflection passage is not provided with the return portion or is provided with the return portion having a short protrusion, and the second fuel deflection passage is provided with the return portion having a long protrusion.
According to the present invention, there is provided a second direct cylinder injection-type spark ignition internal combustion engine comprising a spark plug, a cavity formed in the top surface of a piston, and a fuel injection valve for injecting fuel into the cavity in nearly the shape of a fan having a relatively small thickness, wherein, when the fuel injected in nearly the shape of a fan from the fuel injection valve is considered as being divided into a plurality of fuel segments in a radial direction, a side wall of the cavity has a first fuel deflection passage and a second fuel deflection passage for deflecting at least two of the plurality of fuel segments to pass near the spark plug, the side wall of the cavity is at least partly provided with an arcuate portion having an arcuate shape in cross section in the vertical direction, and a radius of curvature of the arcuate shape of said arcuate portion on said first fuel deflection passage is larger than that of said arcuate portion on said second fuel deflection passage.
According to the present invention, there is provided a third direct cylinder injection-type spark ignition internal combustion engine comprising a spark plug, a cavity formed in the top surface of a piston, and a fuel injection valve for injecting fuel into the cavity in nearly the shape of a fan having a relatively small thickness, wherein, when the fuel injected in nearly the shape of a fan from the fuel injection valve is considered as being divided into a plurality of fuel segments in a radial direction, a side wall of the cavity has a first fuel deflection passage and a second fuel deflection passage for deflecting at least two of the plurality of fuel segments to pass near the spark plug, the side wall of the cavity is at least partly provided with a return portion that protrudes toward the inside of the cavity, the side wall of the cavity inclusive of the return portion has an arcuate shape in cross section in the vertical direction, the first fuel deflection passage is not provided with the return portion or is provided with the return portion having the shortest protrusion, a radius of curvature of the arcuate shape of the first fuel deflection passage is the greatest, and the first fuel deflection passage is closest to the spark plug.
According to the present invention, there is provided a fourth direct cylinder injection-type spark ignition internal combustion engine comprising a spark plug, a cavity formed in the top surface of a piston, and a fuel injection valve for injecting fuel in nearly the shape of a fan having a relatively small thickness so that the fuel collides with a bottom wall of the cavity at an acute angle, wherein, when the fuel injected in nearly the shape of a fan from the fuel injection valve is considered as being divided into a plurality of fuel segments in a radial direction, the bottom wall of the cavity has a plurality of neighboring fuel leading passages for leading the plurality of fuel segments collided toward the side wall of the cavity, the side wall of the cavity has a first fuel deflection passage and a second fuel deflection passage for deflecting at least two of the plurality of fuel segment
Abe Shizuo
Baika Toyokazu
Hashima Takashi
Hattori Fumiaki
Hokuto Hiroyuki
Kwon John
Toyota Jidosha & Kabushiki Kaisha
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