Communications: electrical – Audible indication – Percussion-type sound producer
Patent
1980-09-22
1981-12-15
Miller, Charles D.
Communications: electrical
Audible indication
Percussion-type sound producer
H03K 1302
Patent
active
043062253
ABSTRACT:
A digital-to-analog converting apparatus having a plurality of stages arranged in a series. Each stage includes a latch for storing one of the bits of a digital input signal. Each stage includes a resistance, the resistances of the stages being connected in series. One end of the resistance in the first stage is connected to a reference voltage equal to the mid-point of the voltage range of the analog output signal to be produced. Constant current sources, of equal value in each stage, are connected to each end of the resistance and through a current switch to a constant current sink. The current switch is controlled by the outputs of the latch of the stage so that a constant current flows through the resistance in one direction or the other, increasing or decreasing the voltage applied to the next resistance in the series depending upon whether the stored bit is a logic 1 or a logic 0. The values of resistances and constant currents are selected so that the voltage drop across the resistance of each stage is one-half that of the previous stage. The output voltage produced at the end of the resistance of the last stage in the series is an analog voltage corresponding to the digital input signal applied to the latches.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3221323 (1965-11-01), Beck
patent: 3273143 (1966-09-01), Wasserman
patent: 3699568 (1972-10-01), Thompson
patent: 3810158 (1974-05-01), Murakami
patent: 4099173 (1978-07-01), Zeskind
Mokhoff "Electronics" May 10, 1979 pp. 105-116.
Hartley "Designer's Casebook" Prepared by the Editors of Electronics, no date, pp. 167-168 cited by applicant.
Geller William L.
Naugle Richard L.
GTE Laboratories Incorporated
Keay David M.
Miller Charles D.
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