Internal-combustion engines – Precombustion and main combustion chambers in series – Vaporizing in precombustion chamber
Patent
1982-09-30
1983-12-20
Argenbright, Tony M.
Internal-combustion engines
Precombustion and main combustion chambers in series
Vaporizing in precombustion chamber
123263, 123280, 123293, F02B 1908
Patent
active
044210795
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates in general to a compression-ignition type engine. More particularly, it relates to one having a combustion chamber construction that minimizes the emission of particulates.
The conventional diesel engine is of the divided combustion chamber type. A precombustion chamber formed in the cylinder head is connected by a small diameter throat or transfer passage to a smaller facing chamber located in a recess in the piston, such, for example, as is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,594,681, Ricardo et al. The fuel is injected or sprayed directly into the center of the prechamber into a swirling flow of air pushed into the chamber during the engine compression cycle.
While the above construction may be satisfactory for some installations, it does not always provide adequate fuel vaporization or mixing of the fuel with the air, resulting in the formation of particulates. Attempts have been made to minimize particulates by including, for example, a hot bar inserted crosswise in the prechamber and heated by the hot air flow. However, mixing of the fuel vapor with the air is limited by this construction so that particulate emissions are only slightly reduced as compared to the conventional swirl chamber type engine.
Another commercially available diesel engine includes a secondary throat or transfer passage that pushes additional air into the prechamber in an opposing direction to set up opposing swirl motions and, therefore, provide better mixing. However, again, this results in only slightly lower particulate emissions as compared to a conventional swirl chamber system.
This invention relates to a prechamber that has a heated hollow member located in the center of the chamber spaced from the chamber walls so that air flows in the clearance between the two; a portion of the outer surface of the hollow member being wet by the fuel sprayed into the chamber to vaporize the fuel; the hollow member being heated by hot air forced into the member through a secondary transfer passage during the compression cycle of the engine; the member having transpiration holes in its wall that permit the flow of the hot air outwardly into the clearance space to provide rapid mixing of the air and fuel vaporized by contact with the hot hollow member.
Constructions are known in the prior art that include hot bodies adjacent the prechamber to better vaporize the fuel injected. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 1,887,072, Suder et al, shows a domed-like member G inserted between the transfer passage and the opening to the prechamber and provided with directional holes for controlling the flow of air into the prechamber to better mix the air and fuel.
U.S. Pat. No. 1,981,874, Mock, shows in FIGS. 1 and 2 a prechamber with a conical insert against which fuel is sprayed for fogging the air/fuel mixture. FIG. 3 shows the use of a ball attached to the engine side of the valve member.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,223,090, Boxan, and U.S. Pat. No. 2,242,274, Thysse, both show the use of secondary transfer passages and an insert to provide better air/fuel mixing and vaporization.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,766,738, Hoffmann, U.S. Pat. No. 2,761,431, Nallinger, U.S. Pat. No. 2,778,347, Mallinckrodt, U.S. Pat. No. 3,102,521, Slemmons, U.S. Pat. No. 4,071,001, Goto, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,076,000, Goto et al, are further illustrations of heated bodies and angled passages to provide vaporization and mixing of the air and fuel.
It will be noted in each of the above instances that there is no separate hollow member inserted centrally within the prechamber having a hollow interior connected by a secondary transfer passage with the hot air in the main combustion chamber during the compression stroke of this engine that passes through the hollow member into the clearance space between it and the prechamber wall to mix with the vaporized fuel therein to reduce particulates, the fuel injected being sprayed against a portion of the outer surface of the hollow member to wet the same and be heated and vaporized at that point to be thereafter mixed with the air swirling around the m
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Argenbright Tony M.
Ford Motor Company
McCollum Robert E.
Sadler Clifford L.
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