Electrical generator or motor structure – Dynamoelectric – Rotary
Patent
1991-10-21
1998-03-10
Stephan, Steven L.
Electrical generator or motor structure
Dynamoelectric
Rotary
310309, 318116, H02N 100
Patent
active
057265097
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The fields of the present invention are, e.g. microelectronics, in which miniaturized dielectric motors can find application as micromechanical drive, control, switch and sensor systems. They may, however, also be utilized as miniature motors in micro-surgery, chemistry and gene technology.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Dielectric motors have been known for quite some time, were however not employed in practice due to their grave drawbacks (very small torque, no fixed sense of rotation. A description of the theory of dielectric motors goes back to Heinrich Hertz, Hertz, Wied. Anm 13 (1881) 266/.
There are motors known whose rotors are composed of a dielectric and are supported between two or more electrodes. The electrodes are triggered with constant voltages. The rotation of the rotors ensues either following mechanical turning or via auxilliary electrodes, which, e.g. induce the solution enveloping the rotor to flow, thereby turning the rotor, QUINCKE, Wied. Anm. 59 (1896) 417; SECKER and SCIALOM, J. Appl. Physics 39 (1968) 277, SECKER and BELMONT, J.Phys.D: Appl. Phys. 3 (1970) 216. The rotor is usually enveloped by a gaseous or fluid medium or is in a vacuum; /QUINCKE, Wied. Anm. 59 (1896) 417.
The disadvantage of these motors is, apart from the rotation direction not being fixed and the required auxilliary start devices, the difficult regulation of the rotation speed, as it is very dependent on the square of the field strength. Recently, it has been recognized that the extreme miniaturizability of this type of motor is an advantage and micromechanical components in the form of chips have been developed (GEO 10 (1988) 188; U.S. Pat. No. 4,740,410) in which rotating electric fields produced via multi-electrode systems were utilized so that start devices can be obviated.
Rotating electric fields have been used to examine biological objects such as cells since 1982 (ARNOLD and ZIMMERMANN, Z.Naturforsch. 37c (1982) 908), are however, also employed in conventional motors of the magnetic induction principle.
An object of the present invention is to provide a cost-effective improved dielectric motor which allow additional possible applications as an integral component in microelectronics and in micromechanics.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a dielectric motor with an influenceable characteristic rotation curve, having constant and variable rotation conditions that can be easily and precisely controlled as well as universally and cost-efficiently utilized. The starting period should lie in the millisecond range and below.
In accordance with the present invention, this object is accomplished in that the rotor has in one or several directions continuous or discontinuous transitions between different dielectric materials. The rotor may be composed of symmetric or asymmetric sectors which are arranged radially to the axis of rotation. A rotor configuration in which the rotor comprises symmetric or asymmetric layers, which are arranged radially or axially to the axis of rotation, is also contemplated. Electric conductors or a vacuum may be disposed between the layers and the sectors. Furthermore, combinations of sectors and radial and axial layers may be used in the design of the construction of the dielectric rotor.
The present invention also permits a combination of homogeneous and inhomogeneous dielectrics, which are optically transparent and/or deformable. The rotors are driven via circular polarized or discontinuously rotating electric fields, by which the rotation direction is determined.
With increasing number of rotor dielectrics, the rotation spectrum (rotation as the function of the circular frequency of the external field) of the rotor becomes more complicated and is characterized by a multiplicity of well-differentiable states. These surprising rotation spectra are not known from any other type of motor.
In miniaturized form, the starting time of the motor is less than 1 ms, which proves its advantages for microelectronic applications. The principle descri
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Maschinen; Die Kunstwerke der Mikromechanik; Jan. 1990.
Benecke Wolfgang
Fuhr Gunter
Gimsa Jan
Glaser Roland
Hagedorn Rolf
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der angewandten Forschung
Stephan Steven L.
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