Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Peptide containing doai
Patent
1996-03-07
1998-07-14
Sayala, Chhaya D.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Peptide containing doai
514 2, 514 12, A61K 3718
Patent
active
057804389
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention is concerned with a fluid for use in medical dialysis procedures and particularly, although not exclusively, in peritoneal dialysis as employed in the technique of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD).
In the human body, solutes transfer from one body fluid to another by diffusion processes which include dialysis, osmosis and ultrafiltration (hereafter referred to collectively simply as "dialysis"). Unwanted solutes, toxins and excess water are transferred from the bloodstream by dialysis in the kidneys for excretion from the body. In the event of kidney malfunction, the indicated medical treatment is usually kidney transplantation or, alternatively, extracorporeal haemodialysis. The preferred treatment is transplantation but this depends on the availability of donor kidneys of compatible tissue type. The surgical procedure is lengthy, and therefore expensive in manpower and equipment costs and, although controllable to a great extent by drug administration, rejection of the transplanted kidney may occur. Transplantation, however, remains the preferred treatment as the patients may thereafter lead a more or less normal lifestyle.
Haemodialysis is a substitute for kidney transplantation. Depending on the severity of the renal malfunction, patients require more or less frequent sessions of dialysis. Blood is withdrawn from the patient's bloodstream and passed through a dialyser wherein the blood is brought into contact with a selectively permeable membrane, made for example, of cellulosic or synthetic polymeric material, the remote side of which contacts a dialysis fluid. By the laws of diffusion, solutes in the blood are transported across the membrane into the dialysis fluid and water is removed by ultrafiltration.
Haemodialysis is normally carried out under medical supervision in the out-patients department of hospitals, although it can be done by the patient at home should he or she be capable of scrupulous observation of procedures after training. The absence of suitable conditions in the home or inability of the patient for one reason or another to observe the rules of procedure may preclude home dialysis. Dialysis machines are expensive and require a substantial amount of maintenance by way of routine sterilisation.
Haemodialysis is extremely restricting to the patient. For example, if leaving the vicinity of the treatment centre he or she has to make arrangements to be treated at a dialysis unit in the locality of his or her destination. In summary, renal dialysis is an extremely restricting form of treatment to the patient who has to attend hospital for dialysis and it requires a great deal of patient cooperation and attention to procedural details if it is to be carried out at home. The hardware associated with the procedure is also expensive.
Peritoneal dialysis is now a well-established procedure which may be used as a substitute for extracorporeal haemodialysis for those patients for whom, because of some medical condition other than the renal failure itself, the use of haemodialysis is contra-indicated or is simply not available.
In peritoneal dialysis, a dialysis fluid is introduced via a catheter into the peritoneal cavity in the abdomen of the patient and removal of toxins and water takes place across the peritoneum which acts as the semi-permeable membrane. The peritoneal cavity is flooded with the fluid, left for an appropriate lapse of time, and then drained.
In Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD), a catheter is permanently implanted by surgery through the abdomen wall of the patient and it is through the catheter that the dialysis liquid is introduced, commonly, because procedures are simple, by the patient himself or herself from a flexible sachet of the sterile fluid. Once the fluid has been introduced, the patient simply rolls up the attached sachet, stores it still attached to the catheter in a pocket in his or her clothing, and is then free to continue normal activity while dialysis takes place. Later, he or she drains the spent fluid under gr
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patent: 4959175 (1990-09-01), Yatzidis
patent: 5039609 (1991-08-01), Klein
Martis, L. et al. "Experimental peritoneal dialysis solutions" Peritoneal Dialysis International, vol. 13, suppl. 2, 1993, pp. S98-S100.
A.J. Hutchison et al. "Improved solutions for peritoneal dialysis: physiological . . . " Kidney International, vol. 42, Suppl 38 (1992), pp. S-153-S-159.
E. Klein et al., "Peptides as substitute osmotic agents for glucose . . . " ASAIO Trans., 1986, vol. 32, pp. 550-553.
Gilchrist Thomas
Manson William
Giltech Limited
Sayala Chhaya D.
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