Surgery – Diagnostic testing – Detecting nuclear – electromagnetic – or ultrasonic radiation
Reexamination Certificate
2002-02-21
2004-01-20
Jaworski, Francis J. (Department: 3737)
Surgery
Diagnostic testing
Detecting nuclear, electromagnetic, or ultrasonic radiation
C600S443000, C600S447000, C600S453000, C600S456000, C600S458000, C600S459000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06679846
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to medical diagnostic ultrasonic imaging methods and systems, and in particular to improvements to such systems that allow an increased frame rate.
In various medical diagnostic ultrasonic imaging applications, multiple transmit beams are fired along the same ultrasound line. Examples of such applications include two-pulse techniques that use phase inversion subtraction to enhance harmonic image components, synthetic aperture techniques, synthetic spectrum techniques, and sequential focus techniques. The requirement for multiple transmit pulse firings on each ultrasound line results in a substantial reduction in frame rate.
For example, Chapman U.S. Pat. No. 5,632,277 discloses an ultrasound imaging system that employs phase inversion subtraction to enhance the image. In the disclosed system, two transmit ultrasonic pulses which differ in phase by 180° are focused in the same beam direction. The echo signals associated with these pulses are stored and then summed. Linear echoes destructively interfere in this summation due to the 180° phase difference between the two transmitted ultrasonic pulses. Non-linear echoes do not destructively interfere to the same extent, because the phases associated with non-linear echoes no longer differ by 180°. In this way, the amplitude of the non-linear echoes can be increased relative to the amplitude of the linear echoes in the summed signal.
The system disclosed in the Chapman patent suffers from the disadvantage that two ultrasonic pulses must be directed along each beam direction, and this requirement reduces the frame rate by a factor of two.
Similarly, Cole U.S. Pat. No. 5,617,862 discusses a system that coherently sums receive beams along the same steering direction to achieve a synthetic aperture. The disclosed system also results in a substantial reduction in frame rate.
The reductions in frame rate discussed above are inevitable in the disclosed systems, and in many cases the frame rate may fall to clinically unacceptable levels. Additionally, the multiple firing techniques discussed above reduce frame rate in discrete steps. For example, when two transmit beam firings are required for each transmit beam direction, the frame rate is reduced by a factor of two as compared to conventional single transmit beam operation. It would be advantageous to have a technique whereby a continuous trade off could be made between selected performance factors and the resulting frame rate when employing various multiple-pulse modes of operation.
SUMMARY
By way of introduction, preferred embodiments described below transmit a plurality of spatially distinct ultrasonic transmit beams into a region. A plurality of receive beams are received from the region, each receive beam associated with a respective one of the transmit beams. The transmit and receive beams include beams of at least first and second types. The first and second types of beams differ in at least one scan parameter other than transmit and receive line geometry, and can for example differ in transmit waveform, receive spectral response phase, aperture, frequency, focus, gain, code, complex phase angle, or alternate polarity sequence. Receive beams associated with spatially distinct ones of the transmit beams (including at least one beam of the first type and at least one beam of the second type) are then preferably combined, either in a coherent manner prior to detection or in a compounding operation subsequent to detection.
Preferably, the first and second types of beams alternate on a line-by-line or group-of-lines by group-of-lines basis. It is the combination that synthesizes the desired feature such as two-pulse cancellation, synthetic aperture, synthetic spectrum, or multiple focus. This approach allows a continuous tradeoff between performance and frame rate by adjustment of the scan line density. For example, if the same scan line density is used in both the normal mode and one of the alternating line modes described above, there is no frame rate loss.
The present invention is defined by the following claims, and nothing in this section should be taken as a limitation on those claims.
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“Coded Excitation for Harmonics Imaging,” Y. Takeuchi, 1996, IEEE UTS Symp. p. 1433-1436.
Bradley Charles E.
Cole Christopher R.
Holley Gregory L.
Hossack John A.
Napolitano David J.
Acuson Corporation
Jaworski Francis J.
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