Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing – Involving an insoluble carrier for immobilizing immunochemicals
Patent
1995-04-27
1997-10-07
Housel, James C.
Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
Involving an insoluble carrier for immobilizing immunochemicals
435 723, 435320, 435 71, 424 9467, 4241851, 530326, 536326, 536 27, 560 85, G01N 33543
Patent
active
056747543
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to assay methods for detecting levels of specific enzymes in biological samples. More particularly, the present invention relates to methods for the detection of Matrix Metallo-Proteinase No. 9 (hereinafter "MMP" when referring to the class of matrix metallo-proteinases and "MMP-9" when referring to matrix metallo-proteinase No. 9 in particular). The inventive assay method is useful to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory arthritis (including psoriatic, gout, systemic lupus erythematous, and spondyl arthritis) and inflammatory bowel disease (hereinafter "IBD").
2. Description of the Related Art
MMPs are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that function in the physiological degradation of matrix connective tissue such as collagens, gelatin, fibronectin, elastin, laminin and proteoglycan (Woessner, 1991, FASEB J., 5: 2145). MMP-9 is a 92 kDa proteinase which specifically degrades type IV, V, X, and XI collagen, and is sometimes referred to in the art as "96 kDa gelatinase" (Overall et al., 1991, Infect. Immun., 59: 4687).
MMP-9 plays a role in leukocyte extravasation, a process involving a multiplicity of cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions during acute and chronic inflammatory reactions. An early response that triggers the inflammatory cascade is the recruitment and subsequent activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (hereinafter "PMN"). For PMNs to reach their targets, the basement membrane and connective tissue collagen must be hydrolyzed. This hydrolysis is carried out in part by MMP-9.
Physiological variances in MMP levels are known. For instance, significant increases in plasma 72 kDa gelatinase (MMP-2 levels have been observed in women during the second half of pregnancy as compared to early pregnancy and nonpregnant women (Zucker et al., 1992, J. Immunol. Methods, 148: 189).
Pathologically, MMPs have been identified as associated with several disease states. For example, anomalous MMP-2 levels have been detected in lung cancer patients, where it was observed that serum MMP-2 levels were significantly elevated in stage IV disease and in those patients with distant metastases as compared to normal sera values (Garbisa et al., 1992, Cancer Res., 53: 4548). Also, using an ELISA methodology, it was observed that plasma levels of MMP-9 were elevated in patients with colon and breast cancer (Zucker et al., 1993, Cancer Res. 53: 140). However, these researchers did not investigate potential relationships among MMP-9 plasma levels in arthritis and IBD.
Elevated levels of stromelysin (MMP-3) and interstitial collagenase (MMP-1) have been noted in synovial fluid derived from rheumatoid arthritis (hereinafter "RA") patients as compared to post-traumatic knee injury (Walakovits et al., 1992, Arth. Rheum., 35: 35). Hirose et al., 1992, J. Rheumat., 19: 593, demonstrated the presence of 92-96 kDa MMP-9 activity and antigen in the synovial fluid of patients with inflammatory arthritis, including RA. However, these researchers did not investigate potential relationships among MMP-9 plasma levels in arthritis and IBD.
Increased levels of mRNA expression for collagenase type I (MMP-1) and collagenase type IV (MMP-2) have been shown to be increased in ulcerative colitis as compared to Crohn's disease and controls (Matthes et al., 1992, Gastroenterology, Abstract 661). However, plasma levels of these enzymes were not determined. Anthony et al., 1992, Gastroenterology, Abstract 591, demonstrated increased immuno-histochemical expression of the gelatinase antigen in a rabbit model of chronic inflammatory colitis. However, human material was not analyzed in this study. Bailey et al., 1990, Biochem. Soc. Trans., 18: 896, demonstrated increased immuno-histochemical expression of the gelatinase antigen in the intestine of patients suffering from Crohn's disease as compared to normal intestines. However, plasma levels of this enzyme were not determined. Horowitz et al., 1987, Clin. Biochem., 20: 79, demonstrated increased interstiti
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Ahrens Diane
Niedbala Michael J.
Bayer Corporation
Housel James C.
Portner Ginny Allen
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