Surgery: light – thermal – and electrical application – Light – thermal – and electrical application – Electrical energy applicator
Patent
1998-04-23
2000-09-26
Kamm, William E.
Surgery: light, thermal, and electrical application
Light, thermal, and electrical application
Electrical energy applicator
A61B 600
Patent
active
061237191
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to diagnostic apparatus and also to such apparatus which can additionally be used for surgical and therapeutic treatment in the fields of both human and veterinary medicine.
During the last 50 years it has been shown that optical coherent and non-coherent electromagnetic radiation exerts an influence upon biological matter depending on the following parameters, that is, continuity, intermittence, irradiation dose, illumination (power and density), duration and number of doses, structure of the tissue and functional condition of the tissue. The radiation can have no influence on the specific function of the tissue, or it can stimulate the function or inhibit or destroy it by coagulation or ablation.
In 1925 American scientists discovered the phenomenon of so-called "autofluorescence" in which biological tissue fluorescences in the red-orange region of the electromagnetic spectrum after exposure to ultra-violet light. Later tests, made in vivo, have shown that haemotoporphyrin-based preparations, generically known as exoporphyrin, also produce red-orange fluorescence in pathologically changed tissue. Exoporphyrin can thus be used in the diagnosis and treatment of pathological processes and malignant and benign tumours.
JP-A-57-37763 describes a therapeutic device using the medical properties of laser radiation which optimises its parameters according to a change in the reflection coefficient. JP-A-60-83990 describes the medical use of a laser system having fixed irradiation parameters. In two papers respectively entitled "In vivo monitoring of photosensitiser fluorescence during photodynamic therapy" by M. R. Stringer, et al, 104/SPIE Vol. 2371, and "A new method for clinical detection of cancer by rapidly analysing the argon laser induced autofluorescence spectra" by Dong Yang, et al, 104/SPIE Vol. 1616 (1991), the clinical and technological questions of photodynamic therapy and diagnosis are discussed.
The first of those papers describes a method of monitoring the low level fluorescence emitted by the photosensitizing agent protoporphyrin IX during superficial photodynamic therapy of skin carcinomas using 630 nm illumination. A fibre optic probe samples the light field which is filtered and recorded by an optical spectrum analyzer. The technique is minimally invasive and can proceed concurrently with light dosimetry measurement.
In the second paper, a diagnostic system consisting of an argon laser and an optical multichannel analyzer is described. With a special processing program, acquisition of the spectral signal and analysis of the specific index I.sub.s /I are performed simultaneously in real time by a microcomputer where I.sub.s and I are the intensities of the fluorescence in intact and pathological areas which are registered during the stabilization of the laser radiation. The system can be used not only for individual spectral measurements of separate points but for continuous I.sub.s /I scanning of an entire suspicious area as well.
At the basement of the concept evolved in the present invention lie new physical guides of optical radiation interaction with biological tissues as well as modern approach to the development of treatment-diagnostical systems implementing these guides.
In the process of light interaction with biologically active elements of tissue, along with the processes of transmission, reflection, dispersion and absorption, takes place conversion of optical radiation with modification of parameters and characteristics of the probing beam. Some part of the incident optical radiation can be converted in faint, but sufficient for registration, stimulated optical emission. The energy of photon or that of light wave can also be converted into nonstationary acoustic and thermal fields. Although the efficiency of such conversion can be negligibly small and although the part of the converted energy is essentially smaller, than the part of the reflected energy, still the information signals originating therewith can be successfully registered and analysed.
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Stringer et al., "In vivo monitoring of photosensitiser fluorescence during photodynamic therapy," SPIE vol. 2371, pp. 104-108.
Yang et al., "A new method for clinical detection of cancer by rapidly analyzing the argon laser induced autofluorescence spectra," SPIE vol. 1616, 1991, pp. 82-89.
International Search Report.
Kamm William E.
Rosslyn Medical Limited
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