Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or... – Involving virus or bacteriophage
Patent
1995-06-07
1997-04-15
Nucker, Christine M.
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or...
Involving virus or bacteriophage
435 18, 435 34, 435974, 436501, C12Q 170
Patent
active
056208464
ABSTRACT:
Cancerous cells and HIV-infected cells secrete .alpha.-N-acetylgalactosaminidase into the blood stream, resulting in deglycosylation of serum Gc protein. This inactivates the MAF precursor activity of Gc protein, leading to immunosuppression. Thus, both .alpha.-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity and MAF precursor activity of Gc protein in patient blood stream can serve as diagnostic and prognostic indices.
In one embodiment is disclosed a process for determining macrophage activating factor precursor activity in plasma or serum of a person suspected of having cancer or HIV, comprising the step of quantifying in the plasma or serum an amount of vitamin D.sub.3 -binding protein. The determination of the macrophage activating factor precursor activity provides an indication of the patient's capability to activate its own monocytes/macrophages.
In another embodiment is disclosed a process for determining macrophage activating factor precursor activity in plasma or serum of a person suspected of having cancer or HIV comprising the step of quantifying in the plasma or serum an amount of .alpha.-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity. Determining the .alpha.-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity in the plasma or serum provides an indication of a quantity of malignant cells (or HIV) in the plasma or serum.
REFERENCES:
Yagi et al, "Glycosidases of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells and Ascitic Fluid-Purfication and Substrate Specificity of .alpha.-N-Acetylgalactosaminidase and .alpha.-Galactosidase: Comparison with Coffee Bean .alpha.-Galactosidase", Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol. 280, No. 1 (Jul. 1990), pp. 61-67.
Yamamoto et al, "Deglycosylation of Serum Vitamin D3-Biniding Protein Leads to Immunosuppression in Cancer Patients", Cancer Research, vol. 56, No. 12(1996 Jun. 15), pp. 2827-2831.
Yamamoto et al, "Structural Modification of Serum Vitamin D3-Binding Protein and Immunosuppression in AIDS Patients", AIDS Research in Human Retroviruses, vol. 11, No. 11(1995 Nov.), pp. 1373-1378.
Genomics, vol. 16, issued 1993, Witke et al., "Complet Structure of the Human Gc Gene: Differences and Similarities Between Members of the Albumin Gene Family", pp.751-754 see entire document.
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Biochemica Et Biophysica Acta, vol. 871, issued 1986 Schoentgen et al., "Complete Amino Acids Sequence of Huma Vitamin D-Binding Protein (Group-Specific Component): Evidence of a Three-fold Internal Homology as a Serum Albumin an alpha-Fetoprotein", pp. 189-198, see entire document.
Ngwenya, B.Z., and Yamamoto, N. 1985. Activation of peritoneal macrophages by Iysophosphatidylcholine. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 839:9-15.
Ngwenya, B.Z., and Yamamoto, N. 1990. Contribution of Iysophosphatidyl-choline treated nonadherent cells to mechanism of macrophage stimulation. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 193:118-124.
Yagi, F., Eckhardt, A. E. and Goldstein I. J. 1990. Glycosidases of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and ascitic fluid-purification and substrate specificity inidase and .alpha.-galactosidase: Comparison with coffee bean .alpha.-galactosidase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 280:61-67.
Yamamoto, N. and Homman, S. 1991. Vitamin D.sub.3 binding protein (group-specific component, Gc) is a precursor for the macrophage activating signal from sophosphatidylcholine-treated lymphocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 88:8539-8543.
Yamamoto, N. and Kumashiro, R. 1993. Conversion of vitamin D.sub.3 binding protein (Group-specific component) to a macrophage activating factor by stepwise action of .beta.-galactosidase of B cells and sialidase of T cells. J. Imunol. 151:2794-2902.
Homma, S., Yamamoto, M. and Yamamoto, N. 1993. Vitamin D binding protein (group-specific component, Gc) is the sole serum protein required for macrophage activation after treatment of peritoneal cells with lysophosphatidylcholine. Immunol. Cell Biol. 71:249-257.
Yamamoto, N., Kumashiro, R., Yamamoto, M., Willett, N.P. and Lindsay, D. D. 1993. Regulation of inflammation-primed activation of macrophages by two serum factors, vitamin D.sub.3 -binding protein and albumin. Inf. Imm. 61:5388-5391.
Yamamoto, N., Willett, N. P. and Lindsay, D. D. 1994. Participation of serum proteins in the inflammation-primed activation of macrophages. Inflammation. 18:311-322.
Naraparaju, V. R. and Yamamoto, N. 1994. Roles of .beta.-galactosidase of B lymphocytes and sialidase of T lymphocytes in infammation-primed activation of macrophages. Immunol. Lett. 43:143-148.
Nucker Christine M.
Stucker Jeffrey
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