Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Radionuclide or intended radionuclide containing; adjuvant... – Attached to antibody or antibody fragment or immunoglobulin;...
Reexamination Certificate
2001-05-17
2004-12-28
Canella, Karen A. (Department: 1642)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Radionuclide or intended radionuclide containing; adjuvant...
Attached to antibody or antibody fragment or immunoglobulin;...
C424S130100, C424S138100, C424S139100, C424S141100, C424S178100, C530S387100, C530S387700, C530S387900, C530S388100, C530S389100, C530S389700, C530S391100, C530S391300
Reexamination Certificate
active
06835370
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Primary malignant central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms, particularly glioblastomas, are highly fatal due to their aggressive and widespread infiltration of the brain and resistance to anti-cancer treatments. Although progress has been made in unraveling the pathological mechanisms underlying CNS cancers as well as other cancer types, tumor specific therapeutic approaches and methods of diagnosis have been largely elusive.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention features a method for diagnosing a malignant neoplasm in a mammal by contacting a bodily fluid from the mammal with an antibody which binds to an human aspartyl (asparaginyl) beta-hydroxylase (HAAH) polypeptide under conditions sufficient to form an antigen-antibody complex and detecting the antigen-antibody complex (for the purposes of this specification, HAAH polypeptide refers to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 and HAAH cDNA refers to the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:3). Malignant neoplasms detected in this manner include those derived from endodermal tissue, e.g., colon cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, and cancer of the bile ducts. Neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS) such as primary malignant CNS neoplasms of both neuronal and glial cell origin and metastatic CNS neoplasms are also detected. Patient derived tissue samples, e.g., biopsies of solid tumors, as well as bodily fluids such as a CNS-derived bodily fluid, blood, serum, urine, saliva, sputum, lung effusion, and ascites fluid, are contacted with an HAAH-specific antibody.
The invention includes a method of eliciting an immune response or confering an immune response to a tumor cell, e.g., a brain tumor, in a mammal by administering to a mammal an antibody which binds to HAAH or a polynucleotide encoding such an antibody. Preferably, the antibody binds to a site in an extracellular domain (e.g., a site within residues 1-700) of HAAH. The antibody binds to an ectodomain of HAAH (residues 19-75 of SEQ ID NO:2). More preferably, the antibody binds to a catalytic domain of HAAH, e.g., amino acids 650-700 of SEQ ID NO:2. For example, FB50 binds to a polypeptide with the amino acid sequence NPVEDS (residues 286-291 of SEQ ID NO:2). Monoclonal antibody HBOH1 binds to a polypeptide with the amino acid sequenc QPWWTPK (residues 573-579 of SEQ ID NO:2), and monoclonal antibody HBOH-2 binds to a polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence LPEDENLR (residues 613-620 of SEQ ID NO:2). The foregoing antigenic epitopes of HAAH are located on the cell surface of malignant cells. Other HAAH-specific antibodies suitable for passive immunization include 5C7, 5E9, 19B, 48A, 74A, 78A, 86A, HA238A, HA221, HA 239, HA241, HA329, and HA355.
The antibody to be administered is a heterodimeric antibody, a single chain antibody, or a high affinity single chain antibody. By high affinity is meant that the antigen-specific binding affinity of the antibody has a K
d
in the nanomolar range. Preferably, the binding affinity is in the range of 100 pM or higher affinity. For example, the antibody, antibody fragment, or single chain antibody has an antigen-specific binding affinity in the range of 10
−10
to 10
−15
molar.
The antibody, or fragment thereof, activates complement in a patient treated with the antibody. Preferably, the antibody mediates antibody-dependent cytotoxicity of tumor cells in the patient treated with the antibody. The antibody, or fragment thereof, is administered alone or conjugated to a cytotoxic agent. In the latter case, binding of the antibody to a tumor cell results in impairment or death of the cell, thereby reducing tumor load. The antibody is conjugated to a radiochemical, or a chemical tag which sensitizes the cell to which it is bound to radiation or laser-mediated killing.
Also within the invention, are methods of inducing an HAAH-specific immune response to reduce tumor growth by active immunization. The method involves administering to a mammal an HAAH polypeptide, e.g., a polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2. Immunogenic HAAH fragments are also administered to generate an immune response to a particular portion of HAAH. For example, to generate an antibody response to HAAH on the surface of cells, a polypeptide containing an extracellular domain of HAAH (but lacking an intracellular domain of HAAH) is administered. To generate antibodies, which inhibit HAAH activity, the individual is immunized with a polypeptide containing a catalytic domain of HAAH (e.g., amino acids 650-700 of SEQ ID NO:2). Optionally, the polypeptide compositions contain a clinically-acceptable adjuvant compound. Such adjuvants are generally known in the art, and include oil-emulsions, Freunds Complete and Incomplete adjuvant, Vitamin E, aluminum salts or gels, such as aluminum hydroxide, -oxide or -phosphate, saponins, polymers based on polyacrylic acid, such as carbopols, non-ionic block polymers, fatty acid amines, such as avridin and DDA, polymers based on dextran, such as dextran sulphate and DEAE dextran, muramyldipeptides, ISCOMs (immune stimulating complexes, e.g., as described in European Patent EP 109942), biodegradable microcapsules, liposomes, bacterial immune stimulators, such as MDP and LPS, and glucans. Other adjuvant compounds are known in the art, e.g., described in Altman and Dixon, 1989, Advances in Veterinary Science and Comparative Medicine 33: 301-343). Alum is preferred for human use.
An HAAH-specific immune response is also induced by administering to a mammal a polynucleotide composition encoding an HAAH polypeptide, or a degenerate variant of the HAAH-encoding polynucleotide. For example, the polynucleotide contains the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, or a degenerate variant thereof, or a fragment thereof encoding a specific immunogenic domain of HAAH. Preferably, the HAAH polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotide (or directly administered polypeptide) is enzymatically nonfunctional. More preferably, the HAAH polynucleotide encodes an HAAH polypeptide that is secreted, e.g., the construct contains a signal sequence for transport out of the cell and into an extracellular space. The HAAH polypeptide lacks an essential histidine. The HAAH polypeptide is a truncated HAAH, which contains the first 650 amino acids of SEQ ID NO:2.
Optionally, the polynucleotide composition contains a transfection-enhancing agent, such as a precipitating agent or a lipid. Preferably, the encoded HAAH polyeptide contains the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 (full-length HAAH) or a fragment thereof, which contains an extracellular domain of HAAH and lacks an intracellular domain of HAAH. Preferably, the polynucleotide contains a catalytic domain of HAAH. The HAAH-encoding sequences are operably-linked to a promoter and other regulatory sequences for expression of the polypeptides in target cells. The polypeptide may be directed intracellularly or marked for extracellular expression, or secretion. The polynucleotide directs expression in a target cell, which expresses appropriate accessory molecules for antigen presentation, e.g., major histocompatibility antigens.
Methods for diagnosis include detecting a tumor cell in bodily fluids as well as detecting a tumor cell in tissue (in vivo or ex vivo). For example, a biopsied tissue is contacted with an HAAH-specific antibody and antibody binding measured. Whole body diagnostic imaging may be carried out to detect microtumors undetectable using conventional diagnostic methods. Accordingly, a method for diagnosing a neoplasm in a mammal is carried out by contacting a tissue, e.g., a lymph node, of a mammal with a detectably-labeled antibody which binds to HAAH. An increase in the level of antibody binding at a tissue site compared to the level of binding to a normal nonneoplastic tissue indicates the presence of a neoplasm at the tissue site. For detection purposes, the antibody (or HAAH-binding fragment thereof) is labeled with a non-radioactive tag, a radioactive compound, or a colorimetric agent. For example, the antibody o
de la Monte Suzanne M.
Deutch Alan H.
Ghanbari Hossein A.
Wands Jack R.
Canella Karen A.
Rhode Island Hospital
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