Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting – deodorizing – preser – Chemical reactor – Including heat exchanger for reaction chamber or reactants...
Patent
1999-02-03
2000-09-19
Knode, Marian C.
Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preser
Chemical reactor
Including heat exchanger for reaction chamber or reactants...
129186, 129 21, 129198, H05B 668
Patent
active
061207411
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a device using microwave heating to carry out chemical or physico-chemical reactions on a large nominal quantity of product.
More particularly, it relates to a device comprising a microwave generator and a microwave application cavity intended to contain a reactor of large containment volume, made of a microwave-transparent material, capable of containing the quantity of product to be treated.
The expression "large nominal quantity of product" should be understood here to mean a quantity of approximately 1 liter treated at each heating cycle.
One particularly advantageous application of the invention is for carrying out organic synthesis reactions continuously or otherwise. The invention may advantageously also be used to carry out other chemical or physico-chemical reactions in a homogenous or heterogeneous medium, such as, for example, extraction digestion reactions, polymerization reactions, distillation reactions or drying reactions.
For many years now, microwave energy has been injected into laboratory apparatus in order to carry out analytical chemistry and organic synthesis reactions. For this purpose, document EP-0,155,893, belonging to the Applicant, discloses an apparatus for conducting chemical reactions using a wet route, which comprises a microwave generator, a microwave application cavity intended to contain a container of the test-tube type containing a specimen of product to be treated and at least one specific reactant of this product, the said container being made of transparent material, transmitting the microwaves.
Such an apparatus allows only chemical reactions to be carried out in a very small volume since the container, of the test-tube type, contains a few milliliters of specimen.
Modifying this apparatus in order to treat a large nominal quantity of product and/or of reactant is not a priori obvious since it requires modifying both the shape and size of the microwave application cavity so that it can house a large-volume reactor intended to contain the large quantity of product, while at the same time taking into account certain essential technical constraints like the homogenous distribution of the microwave field inside the application cavity, the homogeneity of the temperature for the heating of the product contained in the reactor, the stirring of the product contained in the reactor, as well as the safety constraint pertaining to the use of the apparatus which includes sealing the application cavity thus preventing microwaves from propagating to the outside, while at the same time complying with the constraint that the apparatus be of small overall size.
Furthermore, the apparatus described in document EP-0,155,893 does not allow continuous operation.
Moreover, document FR-2,697,448 teaches a device for conducting chemical operations, consisting of a microwave oven closed by a front door, bounded within which oven is a working enclosure in which a reactor of large containment volume is positioned. This reactor includes at least one neck which passes through the upper wall of the oven in order to be connected to the outside. This microwave oven is provided with a magnetron capable of generating a multimode field inside the working enclosure.
The main drawback of this device is that it is not possible to control the distribution of the multimode microwave field inside the working enclosure. Consequently, the product contained in the reactor may have an undesirable temperature gradient and the chemical reactions conducted inside the said working enclosure may not be very reproducible.
Furthermore, such a device cannot operate continuously. It simply operates intermittently.
The present invention provides a novel device for carrying out chemical or physico-chemical reactions on a large nominal quantity of product, of the type comprising a microwave generator and a microwave application cavity intended to contain a reactor of large containment volume, made of microwave-transparent material, capable of containing the quantity of product to be treate
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Di Martino Jean-Lois
Jacquault Patrick
Koutchenkoff Eric
Knode Marian C.
Ohorodnik Susan
Societe Prolabo
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