Gas separation – Deflector – Fixed gas whirler or rotator means
Patent
1987-03-20
1989-04-25
Spitzer, Robert
Gas separation
Deflector
Fixed gas whirler or rotator means
554593, 55460, 55461, 2105121, B01D 4516, B04C 504
Patent
active
048244490
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a device for transforming a fluid flow of a first type to a fluid flow of a second type.
Such devices are known from various fields of technology. There are cyclone dust separators which are of such construction, a dust-containing gas flowing at relatively high pressure through the flow duct ending tangentially in the chamber, a turbulent flow being formed within the chamber and the dust being accumulated at the circumferential wall of the chamber due to centrifugal force. The now cleaned gas can leave the cyclone separator through an axially disposed passage opening. The lateral wall of the chamber which comprises the axial passage opening does, in general, not extend vertically to the axis of the chamber, but at a relatively acute angle to the same, to keep flow losses small.
The invention is based on the need to further develop a device according to the preamble of claim 1 in such fashion that flow conditions which are as advantageous as possible are obtained.
According to the invention this problem is solved by the features indicated in the characterizing part of claim 1.
The basic idea of the invention produces within the chamber a fluid flow which has the form of a spiral potential eddy. Thus it is possible in a very effective manner to transform a fluid which is under a high pressure, but has a low flow rate to a fluid which has a high flow rate and a very low pressure.
The basic principle of the potential eddy is to be explained by means of the schematic representation in FIGS. 1A and 1B. It holds good in an eddy with closed flow paths that r.times.w=constant: where r is the distance of a point from the eddy axis and w is the flow rate of the fluid at this point. A spiral potential eddy is such an eddy in which the condition r.sub.1.sup.n .times.w.sub.1 =r.sub.2.sup.n .times.w.sub.2 is substantially fulfilled. The subindices 1 and 2 relate to two different points and n is a constant, with 0<n<.infin.. If n is equal to 1, the conditions are as in a potential eddy with closed flow paths.
FIGS. 1A and 1B show sectional views of a chamber which is limited by a circumferential wall 1, which extends across a spiral arc, and lateral walls 11 and 12. According to the representation the circumferential wall 1 extends at an angle which is greater than 360.degree. so that there is an overlapping area .alpha.. The angle .alpha. can be up to about 30.degree.. A flow duct ends tangentially into the chamber at the circumference of the chamber. The side walls 11 and 12 are planes. The circumferential wall 1 is a spirally extending plane surface. It is assumed here that the lateral walls of the tangential flow duct are plane with the lateral walls 11 and 12 of the chamber. It is furthermore assumed that the upper wall 4 and the lower wall 5 of the tangential flow duct 3 are also plane in each case and extend in each case vertically to the lateral walls so that the tangential flow duct 3 has a rectangular cross-section which is reduced towards the chamber. The tangential flow duct 3 turns into the overlapping area of the circumferential wall 1. There is then a passage area 6 at the inner end of the circumferential wall 1, which has a rectangular cross-sectional surface A.sub.1.
A spiral guide surface 2 is disposed within the circumferential wall 1 concentrically to the circumference wall 1. This guide surface 2 extends across an angle which is at least 360.degree.; however, it is greater than 360.degree. in the representation according to FIG. 1A. Thus a passage area 7 is formed at the inner end of the spiral guide surface 2, which has the cross-sectional surface A.sub.2. It is assumed that a fluid, in particular a liquid, enters the tangential flow duct and has the mean speed w.sub.1 at the passage area 6. A spiral eddy flow is formed in the chamber between the siral circumferential wall 1 and the spiral guide surface 2, which flows out into the chamber through the passage area 7, which is limited by the inner surface of the spiral guide surface 2 and the two lateral walls 11 and 12 o
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