Liquid purification or separation – Casing divided by membrane into sections having inlet – Each section having inlet
Reexamination Certificate
1999-03-26
2001-11-20
Savage, Matthew O. (Department: 1723)
Liquid purification or separation
Casing divided by membrane into sections having inlet
Each section having inlet
C210S445000, C210S446000, C210S455000, C210S456000, C210S488000, C210S490000, C210S500340, C210S500350, C210S506000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06319401
ABSTRACT:
The invention is concerned with a process for the conversion of substrates both for analytical and preparative purposes in a flow-through and a cross flow reactor, a separation and/or conversion device, an analytical device as well as filtration device for carrying out such processes.
The use of membranes for separation of biopolymers in analytical scale has been proven to be very efficient. Also the separation of biopolymers with membrane-immobilized affinity molecules is possible. Josic et al. disclose in “Journal of chromatography”, 590, (1992), pages 59-76, porous discs made of poly(glycidylmethacrylate) which can be used for high-performance membrane chromatography (HPMC) of proteins. Separations of standard proteins by anionexchange HPMC using a DEAE disc were carried out. It is reported that separations on HPMC discs could be carried out faster than corresponding separations on HPLC columns. The pressure drop on the discs was low even at high flow-rates. There were separated standard proteins and serum membrane proteins on compact discs modified with heparin and collagen as ligands.
Abou-Rebyeh in “Journal of Chromatography”, 566, (1991), pages 341 to 350, disclose that membrane supports as stationary phase, coupled with ligands can be used for affinity membrane chromatography for purification of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase from hemolysate of human erythro-cytes.
WO 89/09280 discloses a process for detecting compounds which can take up or give off electrons when catalysed by oxidases. To continuously detect compounds a sample solution is continuously taken from a fermentation solution, then conducted over a filter and thereafter through a carrier substance, on which oxidases and possibly other enzymes are immobilized and which is contained in a mini-column. Then the peroxide formed the solution leaving the column is quanitatively analysed by electrochemical detection.
FR-A-2,283,903 discloses enzymatic columns containing membranes having biological activity as well as application of such columns in analytical methods.
FR-A-2,405,744 discloses a radial reactor for carrying out reactions which are catalysed by enzymes.
EP-A-0 019 638 discloses an immobilized enzyme column which can be used in a chemical autoanalyzer for analyzing materials contained therein such as blood serum or urine. An enzyme is utilized in clinical test and comprises one, two or more columns.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,310,526 disclosed a chemical sensor and method for in-line chemical analysis including a body having a central cavity. The body also has a pair of openings through it to the cavity a porous plug, such as a ceramic frit, is sealed into each of this openings so that there is a space between the plugs in the cavity. A component of interest of the sample reacts with a reactive component of a reagent in the cavity to produce the reaction product which is monitored.
Chemical and Engineering News, Vol. 58, No. 30, Pennsylvania, USA discloses that membranes may simplify catalytic reactions. The prototype system described there has two membranes sandwiched together. The first membrane is a Goretex membrane filled with a decyl alcohol solvent and the second membrane is made of porous cellulose and has an enzyme bound to it.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,308,558 discloses an environmental chamber unit for the study of aerosols.
Besides modified membranes also modified porous discs are useful in purification techniques.
However, the methods described can either not be used for preparative scale separations or conversions but only with modifications which render the process unreproducible and very uncomfortable to be used. The separation units in the device available at present do not withstand, for example, the conditions which must be applied if the membrane or porous disc are working in a preparative and industrial scale or in the mode of fast analysis. The membranes or discs tend to be destroyed under the influence of the high pressure which must be applied under preparative conditions. Moreover, the sensitivity of the separation units towards mechanical stress requires the application of the sample to be treated in a large volume. That in turn leads to loss of separation power of the methods since “peak” broadening of the eluting substances occurs and the separation time is prolonged. With regard to the conversion of products in a preparative scale using that kind of chromatography nothing is known up to now. Here, it is also essential to have so small a volume as possible to apply in order to keep the eluting fractions with substances so small as possible or the concentration of the eluted substances so high as possible.
The conventional processes and equipments cannot warrant simultaneously
(i) a fast preparative and analytical process;
(ii) a sufficient reproduceability of the result of the separation or conversion;
(iii) a feasible duration and lifetime of the equipment used;
(iv) purification and/or conversion of substrates from a suspension containing high amounts of solid particles.
Other conventional methods for separation and conversion of substances are working in the time range of minutes. This, however, is too slow for utilizing such methods in on- and in-line control of chemical or biotechnological methods and for in-process purification an/or conversion of the respective products.
One object of the invention is to provide a reliable and fast method for separation and conversion of substrates. The method should be applicable in a preparative and analytical scale.
Another object of the invention is to avoid a purification or conversion of substrates leading to diluted fractions of material. Yet another object is to provide devices for carrying out the processes of the invention as well as processes known in the art.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3483990 (1969-12-01), Litle et al.
patent: 5972218 (1999-10-01), Josic et al.
Josic Djuro
Koselj Primoz
Podgronik Ales
Strancar Ales
BIA Separations d.o.o.
Jacobson & Holman PLLC
Savage Matthew O.
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