Solid material comminution or disintegration – Apparatus – With automatic control
Patent
1989-11-20
1992-01-07
Rosenbaum, Mark
Solid material comminution or disintegration
Apparatus
With automatic control
241 37, 241 66, 241 843, 241102, 241148, 241166, 241266, B02C 100
Patent
active
050783270
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a device for the processing of materials such as rock, ore, clay, bulk materials, agglomerated pulverized materials and the like, comprising at least two tools having surfaces of at least partially circular cylindrical cross sections supported on substantially horizontal axles arranged in the circular arc centers and movable by means of preferably hydraulic driving means in such a manner that at least one of the tools carries out an upward and downward pendulum motion about its axle, the space on top between the two opposing circular cylindrical surfaces of the two tools forming a feeder wedge for the material to be processed and the circular cylindrical surface of at least one of the tools being provided with projecting comminuting means.
A device of this type for the comminution of bulky waste is known from DE-A-27 58042 and GB-A-2 117 268.
GB-A-2 117 268 describes a comminuting device for a raw material consisting of loam for the production of bricks provided with two semicylindrical tools having substantially horizontal axles whose curved surfaces are juxtaposed and form a gap into which the material to be comminuted is fed via a chute. One of the two tools is fixedly arranged and provided with a smooth surface, while the other one of the two tools carries out an upward and downward pendulum motion about its axle and is provided on its entire surface with comminuting means, partially in the form of jags projecting from the surface and partially in the form of cylindrical trunnions projecting from the surface. Of disadvantage in the known device is the fact that the communition of the raw material introduced can be carried out only to a certain extent, as the gap between the circular cylindrical surfaces of the two tools can be reduced only to the extent to which the comminuting means projecting from the surface of the tool carrying out the pendulum motion do not touch the surface of the other, stationary tool. The raw material can therefore pass the gap between adjacent comminuting means without being comminuted.
Up to now, hard rock has mainly been precrushed by means of jaw crushers, while fine crushing or grinding was done by means of cone crushers or rotary crushers. Thus by means of tools exerting a squeezing and pressing effect on the rock material, as in this type of tools, the expenditure for labor and wearing parts has been comparatively low. But the extent of crushing achieved by means of these tools has also been low. For comminuting comparatively soft materials such as, for instance, limestone without silicate inclusions, high-speed rebound crushers and hammer mills which show a substantially improved degree of communition in one operation in comparison to the previously mentioned jaw crushers, cone crushers and hammer mills, are successfully used, although the wear rates of these devices increase so drastically from a certain degree of hardness of the material on that the advantages obtained are obviated by an unreasonably high expenditures for maintenance and wearing parts.
So, for instance, brickyards normally use various perforated plate systems for the filtering of clay, i.e. for removing rock, wood and iron scraps and other foreign matter from the clay prior to processing it into bricks. The clay is pressed through the filter of a system of this type pressure by means of screw conveyors, the foreign matter is retained on the screw side and separated by various methods. Another process provides for the clay to be charged between two rotating perforated roller shells, the clean clay passing through the perforations into the interior of the roller shells and being stripped from there, while the foreign matter is either crushed between the rollers so that it then also passes the perforations or forces the resiliently supported one of the two rollers to yield due to its excessive hardness. In this case, the gap between the rollers opens briefly and the foreign matter drops through it to be discharged. If the portion of foreign matter in the clay is large, much good
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