Surgery – Means for introducing or removing material from body for... – Treating material introduced into or removed from body...
Patent
1994-02-14
1998-04-21
Manahan, Todd E.
Surgery
Means for introducing or removing material from body for...
Treating material introduced into or removed from body...
604145, A61M 3700
Patent
active
057412758
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a device for controlling the distribution of a liquid or viscous material, and more specifically, to the feeding of small quantities of relatively valuable liquid or viscous substances according to a preassigned, precisely maintained time schedule. Automatic, autonomous control of the course of the program proceeds essentially without external intervention.
The invention further relates to refinements, improvements and an expansion of the field of application of conveyor mechanisms powered by gas evolution cells as the primary energy carrier for fluid to viscous media and similar materials to be conveyed.
In the narrower sense, the invention relates to an apparatus for selective controllable release of a liquid or a viscous mass or a suspension of solid particles in a liquid. The apparatus comprises a cylindrical container, a container seal with a screw or plug connection, a cylindrical piston fitting in the container with a sliding fit, dividing the latter into a compressed gas chamber and a mass chamber, with a ring-shaped seal around the circumference, and a component containing the electrical elements such as the electrochemical gas evolution cells, the adjustment mechanism, and the load resistors and contacts.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Devices for conveying liquid or semiliquid, viscous, greasy or doughy masses which make use of a compressed gas supplied by an electrochemical gas evolution cell as the force-exercising medium, are already known. Also known is the gas evolution cell itself, whose principle is based on electrochemical reactions in a primary element. In this cell, a gas, usually hydrogen, is released from the electrolyte. Since the gas evolution in electrochemical cells of this type depends only on the internal current, provided the other operating parameters are held constant, a proportional quantity of gas per unit time is delivered. Since the current depends on the total resistance of the closed circuit, it can be adjusted or controlled and regulated by external resistors. This results in an adjustability or controllability of gas production per unit time.
Of the numerous types of gas evolution cells available, only those which have a compact construction with a gas diffusion electrode are of interest. The cell is generally set in operation by closing the external circuit.
Devices which make use of a membrane or piston for conveying greasy materials are already known. In these devices, the membrane or piston acts as a pressure-transmitting structural component for expelling the lubricant as a function of time. Various other designs have been proposed in which, for instance, the gas generated expands an expandable body which in turn acts on a membrane or piston, or in which a cell is installed directly in the container lid or in the piston on the pressurized gas side of the device. In other cases, the lubricant is introduced into an initially closed pouch in the cylinder of the device and the pouch as a whole is exposed to the pressure of a piston. In all of the known piston arrangements, for operationally reliable separation of the compressed gas chamber from the mass chamber, special, usually ring-shaped sealing elements are used. This type of sealing is already known from piston machine construction in general. The container seal is usually provided with a screwed-on or fitted-on seal for the purpose of refilling with lubricant.
Other devices, including infusion devices which are used to convey solutions of pharmaceutical or medical agents to patients, are known. With these devices, it is common that the cylindrical vessels of ampules or infusion syringes are used as containers in which a piston driven by gas pressure moves. On the open end side of the container is an insert containing the gas generating and electrical control elements, for gastight sealing of the container. At the exit from the container, there is a push-on injection needle, a catheter or a throttling device.
The known devi
REFERENCES:
patent: 4414298 (1983-11-01), Krenz
patent: 4640445 (1987-02-01), Yamada
patent: 5062834 (1991-11-01), Gross et al.
patent: 5135499 (1992-08-01), Tafani et al.
patent: 5304128 (1994-04-01), Haber et al.
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 13, No. 295 (E-783), Jul. 7, 1989 and JP-A 10 76 665 (Shimada Kenji) Mar. 22, 1989.
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