Distillation: apparatus – Apparatus – Types
Patent
1995-01-26
1997-07-22
Kim, Christopher
Distillation: apparatus
Apparatus
Types
202163, 203 10, 203 49, 203DIG1, 159903, B01D 300
Patent
active
056500505
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention concerns a device for the desalination of sea water in accordance with the overall concept as claimed herein.
A device of this kind is known from FR-A-2,583,738. In the case of that device, the water to be desalted is fed to a tissue which is arranged at the underside of an inclined plate. The water which flows downwards in the tissue evaporates and is condensed at a condenser which is arranged parallel to the plate. With this device, the difficulty exists that the tissue is very rapidly encrusted with the precipitating salt and becomes ineffective. Furthermore, from DE-C-38 29 725 there is known a device in which a container possesses an element with an upper evaporation surface which is arranged in an inclined manner. In order to enlarge the surface, a fleece has been placed upon it. The sea water to be desalted is fed from above over this evaporation surface. The water which has evaporated at the evaporation surface is condensed in a rear surface element which is formed as a condenser. This known device works in accordance with the principle of a distilling apparatus, with the heat energy required for the evaporation of the water being obtained from solar radiation. When water is distilled in such a device there exists the special problem that the evaporation surface quickly becomes polluted and, in particular, becomes encrusted with deposited salt. To a significant extent, such a polluted and encrusted evaporation surface prevents the heating of the element and additionally prevents a rapid evaporation of the water. In the case of this known device, the performance therefore declines with increasing encrusting and pollution of the evaporation surface.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention therefore addresses the task of creating a device of the kind specified in which the above disadvantages are avoided and which therefore is able to perform considerably better. The task is solved by a device of this kind in accordance with the characteristics claimed herein. In the case of a device in accordance with this invention the sea water therefor is fed against the underside of the element. The sea water thus evaporates at the underside of the element at which salt and impurities can be deposited. Since, however, the sea water is rinsed against this underside, it is also possible to rinse away such deposits with the help of the sea water. The important point is that the upper side of the element does not become polluted or encrusted and therefore always remains able, to an unchanged degree, to absorb solar radiation. In this way it is ensured that the element can be heated up by the solar radiation without significant loss. It has been found that by removing the evaporated water through an outlet arranged in the upper area of the evaporation space, and through its subsequent condensation in a separate added space, the performance can be improved and at the same time the formation of vapor precipitation in front of the condenser is reduced.
According to a preferred further development of the invention the sea water is finely squirted or sprayed against the evaporation surface. In this way it is possible to ensure that the sea water is applied to the evaporation surface as a comparatively thin film. Preferably this thin film of water extends over the entire evaporation surface. If the element has been formed as a plate which on the side of the solar radiation seals the interior space of the container in a largely vapor-tight manner, then it is ensured that in the container on the side of the solar radiation, the vapor caused by the evaporation cannot precipitate and be condensed. Such a vapor precipitation would diminish the solar radiation and therefore reduce the performance of the device. On the side of the solar radiation it therefore is possible to use glass cover plates, which on the inside do not become covered with vapor and which therefore always are fully permeable by the sunlight.
An encrusting and pollution of the evaporation surface is avoided i
REFERENCES:
patent: 2402737 (1946-06-01), Delano
patent: 3278396 (1966-10-01), Parson
patent: 3300393 (1967-01-01), Fisher
patent: 4003365 (1977-01-01), Wiegand et al.
patent: 4276124 (1981-06-01), Mock
patent: 5316626 (1994-05-01), Guy
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