Surgery – Truss – Pad
Patent
1985-08-23
1987-06-02
Coven, Edward M.
Surgery
Truss
Pad
128771, 604203, A61B 514
Patent
active
046694862
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a device for taking and dispensing blood samples for the purpose of determining sedimentation of the blood.
BACKGROUND ART
Determination of blood sedimentation is a routine procedure which has been widely applied for many years. In principle, blood sedimentation values are determined by taking a blood sample from a patient and mixing the blood with an anti-coagulant, normally a sodium citrate solution. The sample is then dispensed into a straight, vertically arranged pipette tube of standard internal diameter, in Sweden normally 2.5 mm, so as to obtain in the tube a column of blood of standard height, in Sweden normally 200 mm. The tube is then allowed to stand at a standardised temperature for a standardised length of time, during which the so-called sedimentation reaction takes place, during which reaction the red blood corpuscles form so-called coin rolls and settle to the lower part of the blood column, while the plasma collects above the sedimented blood corpuscles. When the aforesaid standardised time period has lapsed, the height of the plasma column is read-off and the reading obtained used as a measurement of the rate at which the blood settles, i.e. the so-called blood sedimentation rate.
Since the test used to determine the sedimentation of blood is a standard test widely used, methods and devices are sought for which enable blood samples to be taken and dispensed as quickly and as simply as possible. At present the actual sampling of the blood is normally effected in an extremely rational fashion, with the aid of a so-called vacuum blood sampling tube, (for example of the Venoject.RTM. or Vacutainer.RTM. kind). The open end of one such vacuum sample tube is closed by means of a rubber stopper and the interior of the tube is held under a partial vacuum and contains a given amount of an anti-coagulent, normally a sodium citrate solution. Such a vacuum sampling tube is used together with a sampling holder, which has the appearance of a plungerless injection syringe having inserted into its forward end a throughpassing, double-pointed disposable needle or cannula. The externally located point of the needle or cannula is inserted into the vein of a patient and the vacuum sampling tube then inserted into the cylindrical cavity of the holder, so that the rubber stopper located in said one end of the tube is pierced by the internal pointed end of the needle. Because of the partial vacuum prevailing in the vacuum sampling tube, blood will be drawn through the needle or cannula into the sampling tube. When sufficient blood has been drawn into the sampling tube, the tube is withdrawn from the holder, whereupon the hole formed in the rubber stopper when piercing the same is automatically sealed-off by the rubber as a result of its intrinsic elasticity. The needle of the sampling holder can be left in the patient's vein and further blood samples taken in a similar manner. The vacuum sampling tube containing the blood sample is shaken from side to side a number of times, either manually or in a special cradle designed for this purpose, so as to mix the blood with the anti-coagulent to the extent desired. This is a simple and quick method of taking blood samples and also eliminates practically completely all risks of blood, which may be contaminated, from being spilled or allowed to run free during the process.
Other kinds of sampling tubes are also available (for example tubes retailed under the trade name Monovette.RTM.). The only major difference between these tubes and those aforedescribed is that no partial vacuum is created within the tubes during their manufacture, but are instead provided with a manually displaceable plunger with which a partial vacuum can be created in the tube and blood drawn thereinto. In other respects the tubes function in the same manner as those beforedescribed.
In order to effect subsequent settling of the blood sample, it is necessary to dispense the mixture of blood and anti-coagulent from the sampling tube in which it is
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patent: 3734079 (1973-05-01), Weber
patent: 3910103 (1975-10-01), Rose
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patent: 4392497 (1983-07-01), Ghaussy
patent: 4393882 (1983-07-01), White
patent: 4434802 (1984-03-01), Rilliet
patent: 4509534 (1985-04-01), Tassin, Jr.
Coven Edward M.
Sykes Angela D.
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