Device for self-administration of physiologically active substan

Details Device for self-administration of physiologically active substan Device for self-administration of physiologically active substan

1988-11-18

1990-06-19

Burr, Edgar S.

Surgery

Liquid medicament atomizer or sprayer

Pre-pressurized container holding medicament

12820222, 12820313, A61M 1100, A61M 1600

Patent

active

049343580

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a device, preferably in the form of a nose or lung spray, for self-administration of physiologically active substances, with prevention of overdosing, comprising a container accommodating at least one substance, and a propellant, preferably a propellant gas, adapted to propel the substance out of the container, a nozzle connected to said container for discharging the substance, and a valve connected between said nozzle and said container.
There exist a number of applications in which the possibility of self-administration of physiologically active substances, such as drugs, in a predetermined quantity per unit of time is desired, thereby to prevent dangerous overdosing. In the administration of soporifics for example, it would thus be advantageous if, after a dose has been taken, one must wait one or two hours before the next dose can be taken. One way of preventing overdosing is to apply the substance in a matrix which slowly releases the substance under some form of mechanical working. One example of this is the well-known nicotine chewing-gum which is the first antismoking product containing nicotine. Nicotine is absorbed in the oral cavity, and the nicotine is absorbed relatively slowly according as it is released by the chewing-gum. A cigarette smoker absorbs the nicotine much quicker. Already after a couple of minutes, the nicotine/blood concentration has reached a value which is higher than after 20-30 min of chewing a 4 mg nicotine chewing-gum. In spite of this difference in the nicotine absorption, those who wish to give up smoking usually can do so with the assistance of such chewing-gum. However, not all smokers are able to use nicotine chewing-gum, which may be due to chewing difficulties of a mechanical or social nature. Secondary effects may also occur, above all in the gastrointestinal tract.
With the objective of achieving a quicker absorption of nicotine, preventing gastrointestinal secondary effects and facilitating nicotine therapy in antidotal smoking treatment of persons with chewing difficulties, it was attempted to apply in the nose a nicotine-containing viscous solution. These attempts resulted in a quicker nicotine absorption, and nicotine absorption through the nose therefore seems to be an alternative possibility in antidotal smoking treatment. In this connection, it will of course be obvious that the nicotine is administered instead by a nose spray. Using a nose spray would give a more uniform distribution of nicotine over a much larger area, which would result in a quicker and also safer nicotine absorption. A further advantage is that a nose spray is far more easily applicable than a viscous nicotine solution. However, this advantage constitutes an important obstacle to using a nose spray containing nicotine in antidotal smoking treatment since it is far too easy to take repeated doses at more frequent intervals, and combined with the interval between nicotine administration and nicotine absorption, this may easily lead to fits of sickness and dizziness, which could be disastrous for example at the wheel of a motorcar. Also for this reason, nose spray has been deemed unsuitable in the context.
The present invention aims at providing a nose and lung spray with prevention of overdosing.
In its simplest form, an aerosol pack for nose or lung spray comprises a gas container (hereinafter referred to as a dose propellant gas container or merely as a container) having an openable valve. The gas container holds a propellant gas and the chemical substances to be administered. The propellant gas should be a harmless inert gas or, for example, compressed air. The chemical substances in the gas container may be solid or liquid and in the form of a solution, emulsion or suspension. In the gas container an excess pressure prevails. When the valve of the gas container is opened, the propellant gas is expanded by the excess pressure and carries along the physiologically active substances through a narrow outlet in which an aerosol is formed. The propellant gas

REFERENCES:
patent: 4106503 (1978-08-01), Rosenthal et al.
patent: 4393884 (1983-07-01), Jacobs
patent: 4462398 (1984-07-01), Durkan et al.
patent: 4817822 (1989-04-01), Rand et al.

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