Static structures (e.g. – buildings) – With synthetic resinous component – With nonresinous component
Reexamination Certificate
2001-06-18
2003-11-25
Friedman, Carl D. (Department: 3635)
Static structures (e.g., buildings)
With synthetic resinous component
With nonresinous component
C052S742130, C052S745050, C264S271100
Reexamination Certificate
active
06651397
ABSTRACT:
DESCRIPTION
The invention relates to a process for producing large wall elements which contain at least two layers—an outer layer and a loadbearing or intermediate layer—and internal fittings and are intended to be used as constructional elements for buildings, in particular low-energy houses, and moreover to an apparatus for carrying out the process and also to a shuttering element for use in the process and to large wall elements produced in accordance with the process, in particular thermally insulating wall elements.
Processes and apparatus for producing wall elements for buildings are known. An appropriate apparatus is described, for example, in WO 96/24476. This is a table which is fixed in the horizontal and on which the wall elements are produced. As a rule, shuttering or a casting trough, in which a wall element can be produced, is arranged on said table. On the surface of these tables, there is generally only space for one wall element in each case because of their large format; the relevant wall elements can have a length of up to 20 meters and more. If, however as is done according to the prior art, not only the shuttering elements are intrinsically produced in the horizontal but also their concrete core or the concrete part of the wall element, then efficient production of the wall elements is only possible when a plurality of production tables are used for the production, in order in particular to decouple the operation of constructing a shuttering element and the setting of the concrete. Because of the large dimensions of the wall elements, already mentioned, the mass production of standardized wall elements primarily entails the provision of very large production halls, as a result of which the production costs are increased to a not inconsiderable extent. In addition, the problem occurs that within the context of the production process, the wall elements are often damaged when being removed from the shuttering, which means that comprehensive reworking is necessary, which likewise increases the production costs. Furthermore, in the case of the known apparatus, it proves to be difficult to load the wall element produced onto a suitable transporter without damage. This difficulty is based, inter alia, on the fact that after the addition of concrete, the finished wall elements have a weight which is so high that only a very complicated lifting mechanism is capable of heaving the wall elements out of the horizontal without damage.
The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a process and an apparatus which reduces the outlay on production and costs for wall elements considerably.
This object is achieved in an extremely surprising way by the features of claim
1
. Advantageous and preferred developments form the subject of the subclaims.
In detail, a tilting table formed as a large angle is provided, whose one leg inner side is used to construct a stack of wall elements. The stack leans on the inside of the other leg and is closed and pressed together by a cover. By rotating the tilting table through 90°, the previously horizontal wall elements are set vertical and the interspaces are filled with concrete, which, following the setting of the concrete, results in a multiplicity of large wall elements standing one beside another, which can be used for the outer and inner walls and for floors of buildings.
It should be pointed out that reference is made to the disclosure of German patent application 197 33 755.4-25 in its entirety.
In an advantageous way, in a development of the invention, the tilting table is rotatably fixed on a holding apparatus. In particular in order to carry out the tilting movement with reference to the supporting surface, it has proven to be very advantageous in the apparatus according to the invention if the rotatable suspension or mounting is provided substantially at the center of gravity of the tilting table. Undesired torques, which lead to destabilizing the tilting table and therefore have to be compensated for, can be avoided in this way. In addition, such a center-of-gravity mounting makes it possible for the tilting apparatus to be moved into various tilted positions without great expenditure of force. To this extent, it requires only a comparatively low-power pivoting device, so that, in spite of the high loads, rotation by hand is also possible. Manual operation can in particular be provided for the case in which a defect occurs in a motor-controlled pivoting device.
As already outlined in the patent application 197 33 755.4-25, a plurality of wall elements are produced in a stack one above another on the construction surface, so that each previously produced wall element is used as a working surface for the production of a successive wall element. Accordingly, during the construction of the wall elements, the working height for the persons working on the wall elements changes in each case. In order to correct this change in height during the production process, a lifting apparatus has been disposed on the tilting table, by means of which it is possible to lift and lower but also hold at a definable height. Furthermore, in the tilting table according to the invention, the rotated wall element can be let down into a pit, which is still to be described below, and the filling of the wall element with concrete can be filled directly from the outlet opening of concrete mixing vehicles, without any pumps having to be used in the process. The lifting apparatus advantageously also grips at the center of gravity of the tilting table, which also avoids the occurrence of lateral forces here.
In a development of the invention, the apparatus according to the invention additionally has the aforementioned pit area for the introduction of the bearing apparatus. The pit area is substantially used for lowering the tilting table in the course of the production of the wall-element stack. The possibility of lowering makes it readily possible to adapt the tilting table to the working height, without scaffolding constructions, which are problematic in terms of safety, having to be used for this adaptation. Furthermore, it has proven to be advantageous if parts of the operation of pivoting the tilting table are carried out inside the pit. As a result, the risks which occur during the tilting of the loaded supporting surfaces, for example for the persons involved in the wall element production, can be significantly reduced. In addition, as is obvious to those skilled in the art, this means that there is a further saving in space in the production of the wall elements, since relatively large areas having to be blocked off during the tilting operation are no longer needed.
In order not to have to configure the pit area to be too large, it has proven to be advantageous in practice if, following the production of a wall element stack, the actions of rotating and lifting the stack out of the pit are carried out in a synchronized rotating and lifting movement. In this case, depending on the depth of the pit area, the pit width can be restricted to virtually an area diagonal of a lateral end face of the tilting table.
Furthermore, it has been shown in practice that, in particular during the drying of the concrete of the wall elements, it is necessary to have a high degree of planarity of the surface on which the wall elements are supported during the drying, in order to prevent any possible distortion of the wall elements. The apparatus according to the invention therefore also comprises a specific support, directed to the size of the wall elements produced, which is preferably fitted at the bottom of the pit area. In particular, double-T girders which reach over the entire length of the wall elements and which, in the apparatus according to the invention, have a deviation in the vertical direction substantially below 9 mm have been tried and tested for this support. In order to obtain substantially optimal mounting of the loaded tilting table, it has proven to be advantageous to dispose at least three double T girders in parallel underneath the co
Friedman Carl D.
Katcheves Basil
Krecke Edmond D.
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